With the rise in cloud storage and the advent of the internet, more and more businesses are moving their operations/data online. This has greatly reduced storage costs and eased business operations. Individual users have also greatly benefited from the internet to send text messages, post stories on social media sites, or learn a new skill.  

However, with the rise of the internet, data security has become an important factor for businesses. If the data is not protected, it leaves businesses vulnerable to hackers and other data breaches. Having multiple accounts on various platforms solicits more avenues for phishing attacks. This can lead to big losses for the data owners.  

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Security is a seamless way to add an extra layer of protection to your data and services – and miniOrange provides you with the widest array of 2FA Security methods as compared to any other vendors on the market.


### What is Two-Factor Authentication? {#what-is-two-factor-authentication}
[Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)](https://miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)) also called two-step verification or multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security process in which a user has to pass two different authentication factors to gain access to an account or a computer system.  

The first factor is some basic information you know: username and password. However, instead of only asking for a username and password, 2FA (Two-Factor authentication) Security adds additional verification factors (OTP, push notifications, fingerprint, etc.) which indirectly halts any cyber attackers’ activities like phishing, malware, etc. by providing a high level of assurance and security. By enabling 2FA Security, you’ll add an additional layer of security, making it harder for attackers to access the data through a person’s device or an online account.  

The goal of this is to have another layer of security. In the event that the username and password of an individual or an organization are compromised, the data is still protected by the other layer of security.

 

### How does 2FA Security work? {#how-does-2fa-security-work}
As the user attempts to gain access to a specific resource, they are prompted with multiple authentication factors, instead of only one. The user credentials are then verified by a core [identity provider](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-an-identity-provider-idp/) (IdP – such as miniOrange IDP) or a directory services platform. Once authenticated, the user gains access to the requested resource.  

The most common 2FA Security systems use a unique one-time passcode commonly known as OTP with every login attempt that you simply make. miniOrange also provides a more modern and secure sort of 2FA Security which is “Push notification” on your smartphone. A push notification is sent to your registered smartphone and in order to gain access to your account, you’ve got to approve that notification. You can also use a hardware token to gain access to crucial resources using tokens such as Yubikey, or soft tokens via Google/Microsoft/miniOrange authenticator app.

 

### What are the different 2FA Security methods {#what-are-the-different-2fa-security-methods}
We support the following authentication methods that ensure you have secure access to your site, application, or network :

- OTP Over SMS / Email
- Out of Band SMS / Email
- Google Authenticator
- Microsoft authenticator
- Yubikey hardware token
- Security Questions
- Phone Call verification
… and [many more](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa))

![miniOrange 2FA Security methods](/blog/assets/2023/2fa-security.webp)

### Why use Two-Factor Authentication (2FA Security)? {#why-use-two-factor-authentication-2fa-security}
For you, Two-factor Authentication (2FA) Security might seem like a hassle, after all, you need to take an extra step to log on to your accounts and access resources. But in this fast-paced digital world, traditional authentication does not work, the way cyber attackers are targeting sensitive customer data. Without 2FA Security, you could be leaving yourself vulnerable to cybercriminals who want to steal your data services and get personal information.  

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is used to protect your devices, accounts, and data from security breaches, phishing, and password brute-force attacks. With 2FA security enabled from your side, knowing the password alone is not enough for cyber attackers to pass the security check. The following vulnerabilities are the main reason more and more individuals are moving towards the 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) Security solution to secure their digital accounts and services.  

92% of organizations have credentials for sale on the Dark Web.  

81% of data breaches have been the result of weak or stolen passwords.  

90% of passwords can be cracked in less than six hours.

 

### What are the benefits of 2FA Security? {#what-are-the-benefits-of-2fa-security}

1. **Enhanced reliability:**
2-Factor Authentication (2FA) Security decreases the probability that an attacker can mimic a user and may gain access to the system. miniOrange 2-Factor Authentication (2FA) Security solution allows users to log in using Username and an OTP, thus preventing the necessity to enter the Password.

 

2. **Increased seamlessness over other alternatives:**
Organizations are accepting 2FA Security because it helps in increasing productivity. With mobile 2FA Security employees can securely login and access corporate applications and resources from virtually any device and from any location, without putting the corporate network to risk.

 

3. **Fraud Prevention:**
Two-Factor Authentication 2FA Security verifies who you are before letting you progress forward. It prevents unauthorized access to your website by providing a further layer of authentication.

 

4. **Improved customer trust:**
2FA Security lets users assure their personal info without extra effort.

 

5. **Reduced operating costs**
Implementing 2FA Security reduces the probability of data breaches, resulting in reduced investment.

 

### Instant Resources {#instant-resources}
- [Sign up](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/free-trial) for a free 1 month trial for any apps of your choice.
- [Read more](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)) about our 2FA Security services.
- [Watch a video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-hQswYTHks) to gain insight into setting up 2FA Security.

2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) is an easy method to implement security in your internet accounts. It works by using a primary layer of security (username-password) as well as a secondary layer of security chosen by you from a wide variety of available options.

Two-Factor Authentication – 2FA Security


### What is Adobe Captivate Prime? {#what-is-adobe-captive-prime}
Adobe Captivate Prime is an LMS (learning management system) created by Adobe to enable a simple and centralized learning delivery system for organizations to deliver courses/training/educational content for customers, clients, partners, and any other relevant stakeholders.


### What is the problem with Adobe Captivate Prime? {#what-is-the-problem-with-adobe-captive-prime}
Adobe Captivate Prime does not have a user registration process. What this means is, users of the application can not go onto the website, make their own accounts by putting in their details like username, password, e-mail address and begin using the service just like all other services.  

Adobe Captivate Prime requires a manual intervention – an Adobe Captivate Prime administrator needs to step in and individually generate a set of login credentials for each oncoming user and share these with the user. The process does not stop here, the administrator is also now required to share a password reset link with said user to ensure there is no credentials leakage between the users and the administrator. 

 
### What is the solution miniOrange provides? {#what-is-the-solution-miniorange-provides}
This use case is a great example of bad design and an even better example of how miniOrange and its Identity and Access Management product steps in and solves this repetitive and error prone process with an easy, secure and completely automated alternative.  

miniOrange provides a customizable self-registration form for your Adobe Captivate Prime users, wherein they can land on the form, enter their details, generate accounts and begin using Adobe Captivate Prime without the administrator having to step in on any step of the way.  

The best part? You can easily customize the UI, look & feel, URL, color schemes, and all other components of the self-registration page provided by miniOrange to make it in-line with your personal preferences or brand guidelines.
 

![miniOrange user flow for Adobe Captivate Prime](/blog/assets/2023/adobe-captivate-prime.webp)

 

miniOrange’s automated Adobe Captivate Prime self-registration solution also allows you to integrate plugins and add-ons like woocommerce to handle the payment of courses and other resources for which Adobe Captivate Prime is being accessed, making this an entirely self-dependent and hyper optimised system which does not need any manual intervention.

 

### How does our solution help you? {#how-does-our-solution-help-you}
miniOrange’s automated Adobe Captivate Prime self-registration solution helps Captivate Prime administrators save a lot of time spent in manual credential generation processes. These are much more error prone than individual users making their own accounts and handling the access at the user level.  

Unique benefits –  

- Saved time
- Increased efficiency
- Lower error
- Affordable solution
 

### Conclusion {#conclusion}
miniOrange’s automated Adobe Captivate Prime self-registration solution is an easy to set up solution that can save a tremendous amount of time for [Adobe Captivate Prime](https://www.adobe.com/in/products/captivateprime.html) LMS users. When the scale is at hundreds or even thousands of users, this solution is a must-have.  

Our solution has been tried and tested by some of the biggest Adobe Captivate Prime customer organizations, and it has saved hundreds of hours for admins by outsourcing account creation to users in the most secure manner possible.  

&nbsp;  


[Simple setup steps](https://www.miniorange.in/adobe-captivate-prime-single-sign-on-(sso)) to configure SSO into Adobe Captivate Prime with miniOrange.  

[Adobe recommends miniOrange](https://helpx.adobe.com/captivate-prime/integration-admin/feature-summary/connectors.html#:~:text=Skills%20%2D%20Execution%20status-,miniOrange%20connector,-Using%20the%20miniOrange) on their Captivate Prime connectors page.  

[Learn more about miniOrange](https://www.miniorange.in/) and our SSO, MFA, Adaptive, Provisioning solutions.

Easily access Adobe Captivate Prime using SSO (Single Sign-On) with miniOrange.

Log in to Adobe Captivate Prime with SSO

**Microsoft’s plan to replace Basic Authentication, with Modern Authentication, from Exchange Online** is being postponed until the second half of 2021 due to the current situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic. You might think: What is replacing basic authentication? Wait, what is Basic authentication in the first place that is being replaced? Continue reading this article to learn more about basic authentication and modern authentication, and why it is happening.

### What is Basic Authentication and its drawbacks? {#what-is-basic-authentication-and-its-drawbacks?}
Basic Authentication is an authentication commonly used for internet resources. Basic Authentication or Basic Auth has the advantage of being relatively simple, **Username and password** are stored in plain text with base64 encoding in a single header field.  

As a result, Basic Auth had to be used in conjunction with SSL in order to encrypt the headers and protect the user’s credentials. Even when HTTPS is utilized, there are still a number of Basic Auth vulnerabilities. A few major being:

- Authentication headers are included in each request, hence the possibility of capturing credentials is essentially limitless.
- Passwords can be cached (and maybe permanently kept) in the browser, providing still another point of vulnerability.
- The entire foundation of basic authentication is built on a very basic and antiquated username-password architecture adding another point of vulnerability to this authentication.
- Basic auth doesn’t support scoping or grading permissions, hence any applications with the user credentials gains potential access to all data a certain user has access to.  

In today’s world, the ideal security and privacy practice are to grant access to exactly the data and resources needed for an application to function, and nothing more. Hence there is a need for an authentication resource that can overcome all these shortcomings/vulnerabilities.

 

### What is Modern Authentication? {#what-is-modern-authentication?}
Modern Authentication is a term used to refer to authentication and authorization protocols that are better designed for today’s world, for Internet-scale and management. These Protocols allows administrators to define rules for 

- Authentication (the process by which anything or someone logs into a system),
- Authorization (mechanisms that ensure you don’t have full access to something by default), and
- Configure Conditional Access Policies (policies that establish the conditions).  

Modern authentication includes/enables authentication features like multi-factor authentication (MFA), smart cards, certificate-based authentication (CBA), and third-party SAML identity providers. Users will be prompted for these additional authentication features based on the conditional access policies configured by the system administrator.

Authentication is based on Token rather than caching or sending username and password over the network, as done in Basic Authentication. Modern authentication protocols like OAuth2.0 allow the users to use services like SSO, enabling a more secure and improved login experience. 

 

### How Modern Authentication works? {#how-modern-authentication-works?}
Username and password will no longer be the primary source of authentication, but will still be required to produce an access token (at least for now) by authenticating with an identity Source/provider. This token contains more specific information about the requestor’s rights and privileges (in the form of a claim) and is validated by application. These Tokens can also be revoked and set to expire on a specific date, giving additional control over who has access to what information.

 

![Modern Authentication and benefits of modern authentication](/blog/assets/2023/how-modern-authentication-works.webp)

 

### Benefits of Modern Authentication {#benefits-of-modern-authentication}
Modern authentication leverages protocols like OAuth2.0 to allow admins/users to fine-tune authentication policy to better control access to resources. Other than being more secure, One of the biggest advantages of Modern Authentication is that it allows admins to configure all policies at one central location which is at the identity provider. This relieves the Administrator from the responsibility of configuring policies for individual apps separately, hence mitigating the chances of missed configuration update for an application leaving a loophole in security. 

 

### Conclusion {#conclusion}
Modern Authentication is unarguably the next stage in the authentication cycle that will replace basic authentication methods. Although the switch is slow and the deadlines(some) for disabling Basic Authentication and less secure app access have been extended, upgrading to Modern Authentication as soon as possible is still recommended.   

Modern Authentication is not only safer than Basic Authentication, but it is also more user-friendly and simplifies the task of the administrator. Multiple of Microsoft’s services like Outlook for Office 365, Outlook 2016 / 2019, Mail for Windows 10 has implemented support for Modern Authentications and the number of applications doing so will keep increasing. You can signup for a demo account for miniOrange IAM solution from here.  

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  


### External Links {# External Links}
- [General Microsoft Modern Authentication Information](http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2015/11/19/updated-office-365-modern-authentication-public-preview/)
- [Enabling Modern Authentication for Skype Online](http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/34339.skype-for-business-online-enable-your-tenant-for-modern-authentication.aspx)

Modern authentication is a authentication method of identity management that offers more secure user authentication and authorization than possible with basic Authentication. Learn about the benefits of using an identity and access management solution to enable modern authentication for your organization.

Organizations are moving to modern authentication, and why should you too?


Consider an organization utilizing various platforms for communication, collaboration, cloud services, and financial management, with each user possessing different credentials for each application.

Speaking of security breaches, a 2022 study revealed that [84% of organizations](https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/06/22/2467052/0/en/New-Study-Reveals-84-of-Organizations-Experienced-an-Identity-Related-Breach-in-the-Last-Year.html) have fallen victim to at least one identity-related breach in the previous year due to weak identity management. This is where Centralized Identity Management comes in as a savior.  

Centralized Identity Management addresses the aforementioned challenges by unifying user credentials across all platforms, streamlining access, and enhancing security.

In this write-up, we will look into the nuances of centralized identity management (CIM), how it works, and its importance while shedding light on decentralized identity management. So, let’s begin with understanding what centralized identity management is. 

## What is Centralized Identity Management? {#what-is-centralized-identity-management}
Centralized Identity Management (CIM) is a system that consolidates the management of users' digital identities and access permissions across multiple applications, platforms, and services. Instead of managing identities separately for each system, CIM centralizes control, providing a single source of truth for user authentication, authorization, and access rights.

### Key Functions of Centralized Identity Management:{#key-functions-of-centralized-identity-management}
**Authentication**: Verifies user identities using credentials like usernames, passwords, or [multi-factor authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa).

**Authorization**: Determines what resources a user is allowed to access based on their roles and permissions.

**Provisioning**: Automates the process of creating, updating, and removing user accounts across connected systems.

**Auditing**: Tracks user activity and access for compliance and security.

Before we head into the details of CIM, let's understand how Centralized Identity Management Works.

## How does Centralized Identity Management Work? {#how-does-centralized-identity-management-work}
Centralized Identity Management (CIM) works by unifying the control of user identities, authentication, and access permissions across multiple systems and applications under a single platform or directory. This centralized approach streamlines the process of managing user credentials, permissions, and access policies, ensuring security, efficiency, and scalability for organizations.

![The basic workflow of CIM](/blog/assets/2024/basic-cim-workflow.webp)

**Central Directory**: The centralized Identity Management (CIM's) core is a central repository, like Active Directory (AD) or a cloud-based directory service. This repository serves as the single source of truth for all user identities, storing information such as usernames, passwords, roles, and access permissions.

**User Authentication**: When a user attempts to log in to an application or service, the Centralized Identity Management system authenticates the user's credentials against the central directory. 

[**Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)**](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/): CIM assigns roles to users based on their position or department within the organization. These roles define what resources and services the user can access. The roles and permissions are centrally managed, ensuring consistency and compliance with security policies.

[**Provisioning and De-provisioning**](https://www.miniorange.in/products/user-provisioning): As users join or leave the organization, the CIM system automates the provisioning or de-provisioning of their accounts. New employees are automatically granted the necessary access to tools based on their role, and when employees leave, their access is revoked across all connected applications, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

**Auditing and Reporting**: A key aspect of CIM is its ability to track user activities, including login attempts, resource access, and permission changes. These logs are stored centrally, providing visibility for compliance audits and helping detect potential security breaches.

By unifying identity management, CIM enhances security, improves operational efficiency, and ensures that organizations maintain compliance with data protection standards.

## Challenges of Centralized Identity Management {#challenges-of-centralized-identity-management}
Although Centralized Identity Management offers streamlined user authentication and access control, it also comes with certain challenges. Let’s look into them in detail. 

**Single Point of Failure**: A centralized system can become a single point of failure. If compromised, it may expose an entire organization's identity infrastructure to cyberattacks.

**Scalability Issues**: As an organization grows, managing identities from multiple devices, locations, and applications can strain the centralized system, making scalability a concern.

**Security Vulnerabilities**: Concentrating identity data in one place makes it a prime target for cybercriminals. A large volume of sensitive data could be exposed if the system is breached.

**Integration Complexity**: Organizations often use diverse applications and systems. Ensuring seamless integration with all of them is complex, especially with legacy systems or third-party applications.

**Privacy and Compliance**: Storing personal identity data centrally must comply with data privacy regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, or CCPA. Ensuring compliance across regions can be difficult.

**Access Control Challenges**: Defining, enforcing, and auditing access policies consistently across various departments, devices, and users requires careful planning and sophisticated tools.

Looking at these challenges, one may think what could be the alternative to centralized identity and access management? Well, this is where we talk about decentralized identity management. 

## What is Decentralized Identity Management? {#what-is-decentralized-identity-management}
Decentralized Identity Management (DIM) is an approach to identity management where control over digital identities is shifted from a central authority to individuals or distributed systems. Instead of relying on a single organization to manage and verify identities (as in centralized systems), decentralized identity frameworks enable users to create and manage their own identities, often using blockchain or other distributed technologies.

To determine whether centralized or decentralized account management is better for preventing cybercrime and optimizing provisioning workflows, it's essential to explore the differences between the two identity management models. Each approach offers distinct advantages in terms of security and efficiency, and understanding these can guide the decision-making process. Let's delve into the key differences between centralized and decentralized identity management.

## Centralized Vs. Decentralized Identity Management {#centralized-vs-decentralized-identity-management}
The primary difference between centralized and decentralized identity management lies in how identities are managed, controlled, and verified. Here's a detailed breakdown of the key distinctions:

| Aspect | Centralized Identity Management | Decentralized Identity Management |
|--------|---------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| Control and Ownership | Control over identity data is with a single authority or organization as users' credentials and personal data are stored in a centralized database managed by the organization. The organization makes decisions about access, policies, and identity usage | Control over identity data is distributed, and users themselves own and manage their own digital identities. Instead of being stored in a single database, identity credentials may reside with the individual or across multiple nodes in a decentralized network. Here, the users decide how, when, and with whom they share their identity information. |
| Security | Security breaches can be severe, affecting all users in the centralized system as it is more prone to a single point of failure—if the central system is compromised. | Security is enhanced by distributing control across multiple points, minimizing the risk of a single breach. The lack of a central repository means attacks are harder to execute on a large scale, making the system more resilient. |
| Privacy | Privacy is often a concern because all user identity information is stored centrally. The organization controlling the data may collect, analyze, or share personal information without the user's full knowledge or consent. | Users have full control over their identity data and can choose which information to share with third parties, maintaining greater privacy. Systems are often built with privacy by design, ensuring that minimal personal data is shared. |
| Verification Process | The central authority handles verification. The organization managing the system is responsible for authenticating users and granting access to resources. Trust is placed in the central authority to manage and secure user credentials properly. | Verification is done through self-sovereign identities or cryptographic proof. Users present verifiable credentials issued by trusted parties, but the central authority is not needed for every authentication. Trust is distributed across a network, using blockchain or similar technologies to verify the authenticity of credentials without a central authority. |
| Scalability | As the number of users, devices, and applications grows, the system can become harder to scale and manage. Centralized systems may struggle with bottlenecks, especially as they expand across regions or need to integrate with multiple applications. | Decentralized systems are inherently more scalable because they do not rely on a single point of control. They can expand without a corresponding increase in complexity or bottlenecks. They are designed to support widespread interoperability across different platforms and networks. |
| Compliance and Governance | Easier for organizations to govern and enforce policies since they control all user data and can ensure compliance with legal regulations. However, centralized systems must comply with stringent data privacy regulations like GDPR, which can add complexity to managing sensitive data. | Compliance becomes more complex, as users own their data and the organization does not directly manage personal information. However, decentralized systems may reduce exposure to legal risk since the organization does not store large amounts of personal data. |  

Let’s Summarise It: 
![Centralized Vs. Decentralized Identity Management](/blog/assets/2024/centralized-vs-decentralized-identity-management.webp)

## Centralized or Decentralized: Which One is Better? {#centralized-or-decentralized}
**For Organizations Needing Full Control**: Centralized systems are often more suitable for organizations that need efficient control over user identities and simplified management, especially for enterprises with existing centralized infrastructures.

**For Privacy-Conscious or Highly Secure Environments**: Decentralized systems are ideal for organizations or sectors (like finance or healthcare) that prioritize user privacy, security, and data protection. They are particularly effective when users need to manage their own identity across multiple services.

**Hybrid Approach**: Many organizations are opting for a hybrid approach, where centralized systems are used for certain services and decentralized elements are adopted for specific privacy-focused use cases. This allows for a balance of control, security, and user privacy.

In short, centralized identity management works well for organizations needing control, simplicity, and integration, while decentralized identity management is better for users seeking privacy, security, and self-sovereignty over their identity. The choice depends on an organization’s priorities, scale, and the type of system best suited for their users or customers.

## Increasing Demand for Identity and Access Management  {#increasing-demand-for-identity-and-access-management}
In conclusion, as organizations continue to face security challenges and regulatory demands, the need for effective [Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/) is paramount. In fact, as per reports, the [IAM market size](https://identitymanagementinstitute.org/identity-and-access-management-market-report-2021-and-beyond/) is expected to record a compound growth rate of 14.5% between 2020 and 2025. 
 
Whether through centralized or decentralized identity management, the goal remains the same: to protect user data, streamline access control, and ensure compliance. While both approaches have their strengths, the right solution depends on an organization's specific needs, priorities, and infrastructure.

At miniOrange, we specialize in providing comprehensive IAM solutions tailored to meet the unique demands of businesses across industries. Our solutions streamline centralized identity management, ensuring security, scalability, and seamless integration with existing systems. Whether you're looking for robust role-based access control, user authentication, or identity provisioning, miniOrange has the expertise and tools to help safeguard your organization against identity-related threats while improving operational efficiency.

Discover how[ miniOrange's IAM solutions](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/) can transform your identity management strategy and secure your business today.

Explore the benefits and challenges of centralized and decentralized identity management, and discover how these systems enhance security and streamline workflows.

The Importance of Centralized Identity Management


### Introduction {#introduction}

In today's digital world, understanding the distinctions between IAM (Identity and Access Management) and CIAM (Customer Identity and Access Management) is crucial. IAM vs CIAM, these terms may seem familiar, but let's dive deeper to grasp their definitions and differences.

In this blog post, we will explore the key disparities between IAM and CIAM, shedding light on how IAM vs CIAM impacts our online experiences at work and in our personal lives.

### IAM vs CIAM: Definitions and Core Differences {#iam-vs-ciam-definitions-and-core-differences}

IAM vs CIAM, what do these acronyms mean? IAM, or Identity and Access Management, is a multifaceted discipline that focuses on authorizing individuals and devices to access various resources. Typically, IAM primarily deals with internal identity management within an organization.

On the other hand, CIAM, or Customer Identity and Access Management, is specifically tailored to managing external consumer identities as they access IT services. Here, the distinction between IAM vs CIAM becomes apparent. IAM is internal, ensuring that employees have the correct access to company resources. CIAM, on the other hand, deals with external users, such as customers or clients, and aims to provide a seamless and secure experience for them.



### Difference between IAM and CIAM {#difference-between-iam-and-ciam}

IAM (Identity and Access Management) and CIAM (Customer Identity & Access Management) have distinct purposes and characteristics that set them apart:

**1. IAM (Identity and Access Management):**

IAM, or [Identity and Access Management](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/), is pivotal in internal organizational use cases. Its primary focus is the efficient management of thousands of identities within an organization, that consists of employees, contractors, and partners which need access to any internal resource. Driven by the objectives of the IT department, IAM aims to enhance security and reduce support costs. It achieves this by ensuring that only validated users within the organization can securely access corporate resources. 

IAM systems grant access based on user roles while adhering to organizational policies. Organizations typically maintain ownership of user data within IAM, allowing strict control over identity verification and management. IAM efficiently handles processes like user onboarding, provisioning access, and account setup, often aligning with the organization's recruitment pace. Large organizations benefit from granular authorization levels within IAM systems, enabling precise control over resource and data access.

**2. CIAM (Customer Identity & Access Management):**

[Customer Identity & Access Management (CIAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/customer-identity-access-management-ciam) stands in contrast to IAM, as its focus is primarily on external identities, specifically customers or consumers, including individuals, devices, and APIs. 
CIAM's core objective is to deliver a seamless and secure user experience when using services that are open to the public.
Driven by revenue generation, CIAM prioritizes a positive user journey, streamlining tasks like user registration and multi-factor authentication to ensure convenience and ease of use.  

CIAM offers flexibility in authentication options, including keys, tokens, and certificates, catering to diverse use cases. Additionally, CIAM often enables users to leverage existing digital identities from platforms like Facebook and Google. Self-service processes empower CIAM users to manage activities such as registration and profile management, reducing reliance on IT or HR teams. CIAM also actively involves users in privacy and consent operations through the user interface, fostering user control over personal data and informed decision-making.

Overall, IAM predominantly manages internal organizational identities, prioritizing secure access to internal resources. On the other hand, CIAM centers around the management of external customer identities, aiming to provide a seamless and user-friendly experience while promoting privacy and consent.



### IAM vs CIAM Overlap {#iam-vs-ciam-overlap}

While IAM vs CIAM serve different purposes, they share some common functionalities, including authentication and authorization. However, it's essential to recognize that IAM vs CIAM have unique requirements and use cases that set them apart.

Understanding the differences between IAM vs CIAM is crucial for navigating today's digital landscape, both professionally and personally. IAM focuses on internal identity management within organizations, while CIAM specializes in managing external consumer identities accessing IT services. By grasping these distinctions, we can make informed decisions about the right identity management solution for specific needs and contexts.


### Conclusion {#conclusion}

While there are many differences between IAM and CIAM we have tried to cover all the major points which to some extent may impact your choice. Despite the vast differences, there are still common core benefits like secure system access, and robust user authentication mechanisms, such as [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) and [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso), to enhance user identity verification and streamline access to various services.

There are two different identity services that miniOrange offers
1. IAM (Identity and Access Management) that supports organizational workforces.
2. CIAM (Customer Identity and Access Management) for organizations with a digital presence.
 
To learn more about miniOrange IAM and CIAM, create your free trial account today [https://www.miniorange.in/businessfreetrial](https://www.miniorange.in/businessfreetrial) .



IAM systems are for internal employee identity management, and CIAM systems are used to manage and secure external identities, like customers or partners.

IAM vs. CIAM - What’s the difference?


This month, we’re focusing on how Identity and Access Management (IAM) works and where it’s used. IAM is a critical part of cybersecurity, and it’s important to understand how it works and where it’s used in order to keep your online identity safe.

Identity and access management (IAM) is an emerging field that includes not only traditional role-based access models but also cloud-based, federated identity management. IAM also provides organizations with a secure and scalable foundation for managing their enterprise, on-premise, and/or cloud-based resources.

The idea behind IAM is that if you have multiple employees working on different projects at the same time, you don’t want them all having access to each other’s accounts. Instead, they should be assigned different accounts so they can’t accidentally share passwords or cause any damage by downloading files from each other’s computers. 

### How Identity and Access Management Works? {#How Identity and Access Management Works?}   

IAM is all about managing access to online resources. It’s used to authenticate and authorize users to access specific resources. IAM systems manage access to websites, applications, and data.  
There are many different types of IAM systems, but they all have one common goal: to protect your online identity by verifying it and making sure that you have the appropriate permissions to access the resources you’re trying to access.  

Some common features of IAM systems include:

- User account management: creating and managing user accounts, setting passwords, and managing user permissions
- Authentication: verifying the identity of users who are trying to access systems and data
- Authorization: granting or denying access to systems and data based on user permissions

### Where Identity and Access Management is Used? {#Where Identity and Access Management is Used?}

IAM systems are used in various industries, including healthcare, finance, government, and education. Each industry has its own unique requirements for IAM, but the overall goal is always the same to keep your online identity safe.  

The best way to protect your online identity is to use a strong IAM system. IAM systems are designed to keep your information safe and ensure that only the people with the appropriate permissions can access it.


### How can Single sign on and multi-factor authentication help you protect your online identity? {#How can Single sign on and multi-factor authentication help you protect your online identity?}

IAM systems can also help to improve the efficiency of an organization by reducing the need for multiple passwords and by providing a single sign-on solution for accessing multiple systems.  

IAM systems are an essential part of any organization’s security strategy, and they are critical for protecting data and ensuring that only authorized users have access to the resources they need.  

Multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of safety to your accounts. With multi-factor authentication, you’re typically asked to provide a code that’s sent to your phone or email.
 

### Consider these few things if you're looking for an IAM system for your business {#Consider these few things if you're looking for an IAM system for your business}

- **You need to find an IAM system that meets your specific needs.**  
There are many different types of IAM systems, so it’s important to find one that’s right for your business.  

The most common types of IAM systems include Active Directory, IDP, Single sign-on, Multi-factor authentication, LDAP, and Kerberos. Each of these systems has its own strengths and weaknesses, so it’s important to understand what each one is good for before you choose which one to use.  

&nbsp;  

- **You need to make sure that your IAM system is properly implemented.**  
IAM systems are complex, and they need to be properly implemented in order to work properly.  

The key here is to make sure that all the users have access to the resources they need. A good practice is to create an account for each user and assign them a unique username and password. This way you can ensure that every user has their own account, which will allow them to access the data in any way they need.  

Another important thing is that all of these accounts must be protected by different passwords or keys, so no one can access another person’s data or resources without their knowledge. If you want to make it even more secure, you can use multi-factor authentication (MFA) where you will require two different passwords from each user.  

&nbsp;  

- **You need to make sure that your IAM system is always up to date.**  
IAM systems are constantly changing, and you need to make sure that your system is always up to date.  

The main disadvantage of not updating the IAM system is that it will not be able to provide the best security to your users. The reason for this is that the system is constantly changing, and if you don’t update, then your users will be at risk. Another reason why it’s important to keep your IAM system updated is that if you don’t update it, then hackers can hack into your system and gain access to all of your data. If this happens, then they will be able to steal passwords and other information from your users’ accounts.  

Another disadvantage of not updating your IAM system is that it can cause problems with user error. If a user forgets their password or doesn’t update their password when prompted by an automated email message, then this could result in someone breaking into their account and stealing their information.

&nbsp;  

miniOrange’s core identity product provides central and converts IAM solutions with bring together some of the most sorts after IAM features such as Single Sign-On (SSO), Multi-factor Authentication (MFA), Risk-Based Authentication, User Life Cycle Management which includes User Provisioning and De-Provisioning, Universal Directory and few more specific and segregated features to ensure that your entire Identity journey is a seamless handle from one central platform. We believe that security can be simple and with a high return on investment and we eliminate friction in the IAM journey of our users by complete end-to-end support for every single admin product interaction.  

IAM is a critical component of any cybersecurity program, and it’s important to understand how it works. IAM helps to prevent unauthorized access to resources, and it’s also important for compliance purposes.  

Cybersecurity Awareness Month is the perfect time to review your IAM strategy. If you’re not using SSO or MFA, now is the time to start. Contact miniOrange about how Single sign on and multi-factor authentication can help you protect your online identity.

&nbsp;  

#### **More Resources:**
- [Single Sign-On](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso)
- [Workforce Identity](https://www.miniorange.in/workforce-identity)
- [What is CIAM](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-ciam-customer-identity-and-access-management/) 


IAM is a critical part of cybersecurity, and Single Sign-On (SSO) & multi-factor authentication (MFA) can help you protect your online identity.

Do you have an IAM setup? Cybersecurity Awareness Month, Focuses on how and where IAM is used


Although the terms Federated Identity Management (FIM) and Single Sign-On (SSO) are frequently used interchangeably, they are not similar. Single sign-on enables access to apps and resources within a single domain. Federated identity management enables Single Sign-On (SSO) into applications across multiple domains or organizations.

### What is Federated Identity Management (FIM)? {#what-is-federated-identity-management-fim}
**Federated Identity Management (FIM)** is a structure between organizations or organizational domains that allows users to access multiple networks with the same credentials (digital identity). Simply put, FIM is a single login, multiple-access method. For example, a domain can refer to a business unit, a smaller subsidiary, or a small company (small, medium, or large).  

For FIM to function properly, all domains involved must have mutual trust. Each domain has its own identity management system. On the other hand, all interconnected domains are linked to a centralized third-party platform that stores and manages user access credentials and establishes the trust relationships required for FIM to function. We’re talking about a third-party platform, also known as an [Identity Provider](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-an-identity-provider-idp/) or [Identity Broker](https://www.miniorange.in/products/identity-broker-service). This Identity Provider/Broker controls access to a variety of service providers (here domain). An FIM structure does not have to have only one Identity Provider. The Federated Identity Management arrangement can be formed across the enterprise by several Identity Providers/Brokers.  

Federated Identity Management is a service that connects users’ identities across several domains. Users will only need to authenticate on one domain once these two domains are federated. The reason for this is that the FIM system includes a second security domain that trusts the users’ first (Primary) domain authentication and grants them unrestricted access.  

OpenID, OpenAuthorization, and Shibboleth are part of the Federated Identity Management (FIM) system, which is based on the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards like SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language).

### How does federated identity management work? {#how-does-federated-identity-management-work}
FIM works in a way, considering there are three security Domains (A, B, and C) and a unified Identity provider integrated with an FIM structure. User credentials are stored and managed by the Identity Provider, which is the home domain. Now when a particular user tries to log into any of the service provider Domain services (A,B,C), they don’t have to provide credentials to the service provider (A,B,C). Instead, the Identity provider authenticates the user, and all service Providers trust IDP to validate these credentials and provide them access.

 

![Federated Identity Management (FIM)](/blog/assets/2023/federated-identity-management-fim.webp)

 

The process of FIM here is possible because FIM partners (A,B,C) send each other authorization messages. These messages can be transferred using [SAML](https://www.miniorange.in/single-sign-on-(sso)-saml-integration) or any similar sort of Extensible Markup Language Standard.

 

### What are common federated identity management use cases? {#what-are-common-federated-identity-management-use-cases}
When administering applications that require access to resources across various security domains, the requirement for FIM arises.

Here are a few examples of how FIM might be used:

- New users are added to the system after a merger or acquisition. 
- External partners or vendors want access to organizational resources.
- Users from a commercial identity provider or a government agency.
- If the user’s credentials come from a national identity provider.
 

### What is SSO? {#what-is-sso}
 
[Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-single-sign-on-sso/) is an authentication process in which a user is provided access to multiple applications and/or websites by using only a single set of login credentials (such as username and password). This prevents the need for the user to log separately into the different applications.  

The user credentials and other identifying information are stored and managed by a centralized system called Identity Provider (IdP). The Identity Provider is a trusted system that provides access to other websites and applications.  

Single Sign-On (SSO) based authentication systems are commonly used in enterprise environments where employees require access to multiple applications/websites of their organizations. In this scenario, the Single Sign-On service provider uses the organization’s directory, such as Microsoft Active Directory, [Azure Active Directory](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-azure-active-directory/), or a directory provided by the Single Sign-On solution itself for authenticating users and providing access to the various applications/websites.

 

### What is the difference between SSO and FIM? {#what-is-the-difference-between-sso-and-fim}
Single Sign-On (SSO) is an important component of FIM, but it is not the same thing as FIM. Although there is no necessity for Federated Identity Management when configuring SSO, FIM significantly relies on SSO implementation to authenticate users across domains.  

The main distinction between SSO and FIM is that whereas FIM provides single access to several applications across various organizations, SSO is meant to authenticate a single credential across diverse systems within one organization.  

SSO allows users to access numerous systems inside a single organization using a single set of login credentials. SSO is a token-based authentication system, which means that instead of a password, users are identified by a token.  

The Federated Identity Management System allows users to access applications, services, and networks that are federated in a group using the same credentials. SSO allows a user to log into numerous apps within the same organization with a single set of credentials. FIM, on the other hand, allows users to access many apps and systems across multiple enterprises in a single step.  

Unlike SSO, FIM sends credentials to the FIM system, which is a home domain identity provider, rather than to a web application.

 

### What are the benefits and drawbacks of federated identity management? {#what-are-the-benefits-and-drawbacks-of-federated-identity-management}
FIM (Federated Identity Management) has its own benefits and drawbacks.  


&nbsp;  

#### **Benefits of FIM:**
When numerous companies collaborate on a project, FIM makes it simple for everyone involved to exchange and access resources across all domains. It also streamlines the organization’s authentication and authorization process. Integrating FIM does not imply that all federated domain administration will be managed by a single administrator. Each organization’s administrators can still manage access to their own domains. Federated Identity Management System allows a single user to define permissions and access levels across multiple systems in multiple security domains.This streamlines identification and access management operations while reducing their workload.  

FIM also addresses all of the challenges that frequently develop and impede users from quickly gaining access to the resources they demand. Users benefit from the FIM Login system because they can safely access systems across domains without having to log in multiple times. FIM helps users save time, reduce login friction, and increase productivity in an indirect way.  

FIM aids in the simplification of data administration, privacy, and compliance, as well as the reduction of storage costs.  


&nbsp;  

#### **Drawbacks of FIM:**
One of the most significant disadvantages of FIM is the cost of implementing and modifying current systems and applications. Another issue that federation members face is that they must develop policies that meet the security needs of all federated members. Negotiation can be difficult and time-consuming in order to reach a final conclusion, as each organization  has its own set of needs and rules.  

Another issue that may arise is that if a participating organization is a member of one or more federations, its policies should reflect each federation’s regulations and criteria.If a corporation joins many federations, this becomes considerably more complicated and time-intensive.

 

### FIM service by miniOrange {#fim-service-by-miniorange}
As one becomes more familiar with FIM technology, the question of which firms provide the finest FIM services emerges. There are many, but choosing the best Federated Identity Management service provider can be difficult.  

So, in order to arrive at a specific conclusion, you must consider a few key factors.  

This includes the following:  

**Flexible Pricing:** Because implementing an FIM can be costly, you should choose a solution that handles pricing based on your needs and requirements.  

**Multiple Structured Information Standards** (SAML, Open ID, etc.) are supported, giving your architecture a lot of flexibility.  

**Technical Support:** Because FIM can get a little complicated at times, you’ll need reliable, fast help if you get stuck in the middle of integration or run into any other issues.  

**Multiple IDP support:** As previously stated, the Federated Identity Management system is all about managing [Identity Providers](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-an-identity-provider-idp/), thus when choosing a service, make sure the FIM service provider you choose has a good stock of IDP support.  

In light of all of these factors, miniOrange is a top-tier security solution that has been offering [IAM](https://www.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management) and Federated Identity Management services for many years.  

If you have any doubts or questions about FIM, How is it Implemented? What will be the cost to implement for your organization? What will the technical implementation look like? Feel free to reach us at idpsupport@xecurify.com. We will help you out in the best way possible.


&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  


### Further Reading {#further-reading}
- [What is Single Sign-On (SSO)?]()
- [What is Federated SSO?]()

Using Federated Identity Management or Identity Federation, authorized users can access multiple applications and domains using a single set of credentials.

Federated Identity Management (FIM): FIM VS Single Sign-On (SSO)


Right now, three out of four organizations are sitting on an IAM security time bomb: 75% have employees wielding excessive system privileges they never should have received. Imagine giving master keys to every employee in your building—that's exactly what's happening in global workspaces, with a dire need for IAM controls.

In 2024 alone, overprivileged accounts led to data breaches costing companies an average of $4.88 million. The silent killer? Not hackers with sophisticated tools, but simple mismanagement of who can access what. This is where robust IAM controls don't just protect your data—they save your enterprise.

## User Access Controls in IAM {#User Access Controls in IAM}

Effective identity and access management (IAM) is crucial for organizations to maintain the security and integrity of their systems and data. IAM controls are the mechanisms and policies that govern how users, devices, and applications can access and interact with resources.

In this comprehensive blog post, we'll explore five essential IAM controls that can help strengthen your security posture. We'll also discuss the importance of separating [authentication controls](https://www.miniorange.in/products/authentication) and authorization controls, cover the various access control models, and examine the benefits of implementing robust IAM best practices. Finally, we'll take a look at emerging trends in the IAM space.

### Need for Access Control in IAM?

Access control is a fundamental component of IAM. It ensures that only authorized individuals and entities can perform specific actions on protected resources. Effective access control mitigates the risks of unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security threats.

## What are IAM Controls? {#What are IAM Controls?}

IAM controls are the policies, procedures, and technical measures that regulate and enforce access to systems, applications, and data. They encompass both authentication (verifying user identity) and [authorization](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/authentication-authorization-difference/) (granting specific permissions and privileges) mechanisms.

## Types of Access Control Models in IAM {#Types of Access Control Models in IAM}

Each access control model has its strengths and weaknesses, and organizations often implement a combination of these approaches to achieve a robust and flexible [IAM framework](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/key-components-of-iam/). The choice of model(s) should be based on the organization's security requirements, compliance needs, and the specific characteristics of the IT environment.

1. **Rule-Based Access Control (RBAC)**: RBAC grants access based on an individual's role within the organization. Access permissions are associated with specific job functions or responsibilities rather than individual users. This model simplifies the management of access rights as permissions can be easily assigned, updated, or revoked by modifying the roles themselves. RBAC is a widely adopted approach, as it provides a balance between security and usability.
2. **Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)**: [ABAC](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-attribute-based-access-control-abac/) uses a combination of user attributes, resource attributes, and environmental conditions to make dynamic access decisions. Rather than relying solely on predefined roles or rules, ABAC evaluates multiple contextual factors to determine whether a user should be granted access. This model offers greater flexibility and adaptability, as access can be tailored to the specific circumstances of each request. ABAC is particularly useful in complex, heterogeneous environments where access requirements can vary widely.
3. **Policy-Based Access Control (PBAC)**: PBAC controls access through the evaluation of policies that define the conditions under which a user can access a resource. These policies are centrally managed and can consider factors such as user identity, resource sensitivity, time of day, location, and device posture. PBAC provides a more comprehensive and adaptable approach to access control, as policies can be easily updated to address evolving threats and business requirements.
4. **Mandatory Access Control (MAC)**: MAC is a centralized, policy-driven approach where the system administrator defines and enforces access rules. In a MAC system, the organization's security policy dictates who can access which resources, and the system enforces these rules rigidly. Users have little to no control over permissions; all access is granted or denied based on the predefined security policies. MAC is commonly used in highly secure environments, such as government agencies and military organizations, where strict control over access is critical.
5. **Discretionary Access Control (DAC)**: In a DAC model, users have the ability to determine and manage access permissions for the resources they own or control. This gives individual users a high degree of control over their data and systems. However, this also introduces potential security risks, as users may inadvertently grant excessive permissions or fail to revoke access when necessary. DAC is more common in less regulated environments where flexibility and user empowerment are prioritized over centralized control.

## IAM Implementation Controls in Action {#IAM Implementation Controls in Action}

- **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**: Requires users to provide multiple forms of identity verification, such as passwords, biometrics, or one-time codes, to access systems and applications.
- **Least Privilege**: Grants users the minimum permissions necessary to perform their job functions, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.
- **Segregation of Duties**: Ensures that no single user has complete control over critical processes, mitigating the risk of fraud and errors.
- **Privileged Access Management (PAM)**: Monitors and controls access to high-risk, sensitive, or critical resources, such as administrative accounts.
- **Identity Lifecycle Management**: Automates the creation, modification, and termination of user accounts, ensuring that access is granted and revoked in a timely and consistent manner.

## Benefits of Effective IAM Controls {#Benefits of Effective IAM Controls}

- **Improved Security**: IAM controls help prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security incidents, protecting your organization's sensitive information and assets.
- **Better Compliance**: Effective IAM practices can help organizations meet regulatory requirements and industry standards, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS.
- **Increased Operational Efficiency**: Streamlined IAM processes and automation can improve productivity, reduce manual effort, and minimize the risk of human error.
- **Better Visibility and Oversight**: Comprehensive IAM controls provide organizations with real-time visibility into user activities, enabling more effective [monitoring](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) and auditing.

## Future Trends in IAM {#Future Trends in IAM}

- **Passwordless Authentication**: Replacing traditional passwords with more secure and user-friendly alternatives, such as biometrics, hardware security keys, and [passwordless](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/passwordless-authentication) protocols.
- **Intelligent Access Management**: Leveraging machine learning and artificial intelligence to automate access decisions, detect anomalies, and adapt to changing user and environmental conditions.
- **Decentralized Identity**: Blockchain-based approaches that empower individuals to own and control their digital identities, reducing the reliance on centralized identity providers.
- **Convergence of IAM and Zero Trust**: Integrating IAM controls with [zero-trust principles](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/zero-trust-security-model/) to continuously verify user identities, device posture, and network context before granting access.

## Conclusion {#Conclusion}

Implementing a robust set of IAM controls is crucial for organizations to safeguard their systems, data, and resources. By separating authentication and authorization mechanisms, leveraging the right access control models, and staying ahead of emerging trends, you can build a more secure and adaptable IAM framework. This blog post has provided a comprehensive overview of the key IAM controls to consider, empowering you to enhance your organization's security and compliance posture. Learn how your organization can benefit from effective identity and access management controls. Request a trial of [miniOrange IAM](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/free-trial) today.

Securing systems from unauthorized access is easy with the help of IAM controls. These are crafted to help administrators modify user permissions.'

5 IAM Controls for Better Protected Systems


In the current landscape, access management is of paramount importance due to the increasing prevalence of large-scale data breaches. In fact, a survey highlights that 61% of breaches involve the theft of credential data. Given the magnitude of this issue, solutions like **IAM and PAM** cannot be overlooked. **Identity Access Management (IAM) and Privileged Access Management (PAM)** stand as two primary types of access management systems extensively employed within organizations.

Should you pick **PAM or IAM**, Which one? What’s the difference between the two? Which one’s crucial for your organization? 

Let us take a look at a closer look and find out

### IAM: What is Identity Access Management? {#what-is-iam}

In the realm of cybersecurity space, Identity Access Management (IAM) stands as a fundamental pillar, that regulates and secures passage of users to digital assets. IAM consists of processes such as -  identification, authentication, and authorization, within an organization's digital ecosystem. This process of verification serves as a protective shield, preventing unauthorized access and data breaches that could compromise sensitive data, and applications, or compromise the system’s integrity in any way.

&nbsp;


**Zero Trust Security and IAM**

IAM, in essence, signifies the meticulous orchestration of user profiles, entailing identification, authentication, and authorization mechanisms, all underpinned by unique digital identities. This dynamic field offers a bouquet of features that seamlessly align with the [zero-trust](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/zero-trust-security-model/#user-content-what-is-zero-trust) paradigm in cybersecurity. In this paradigm, each user must confirm their identity whenever they seek access to servers, applications, services, or any other company data, fostering an environment of elevated security.

&nbsp;


**Versatility in IAM Deployment**

The versatile landscape of IAM caters to both on-premises and cloud deployments, presenting a flexible canvas to organizations. [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso) and [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) have emerged as one of the most crucial components of IAM. Using these two technologies, we are able to prevent unauthorized entry, utilizing SSO to streamline the journey across multiple applications once the user's identity is validated. On the other hand, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of protection by verifying passwords with an additional verification mechanism, which could range from security tokens to biometric verification.


### PAM: What is Privileged Access Management? {#what-is-privileged-access-management}

[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/) emerges as a subset of [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/), its focus is to protect privileged accounts. As organizations navigate the complex landscape of user access, PAM stands out by honing in on a specific subset of users with a unique requirement: access to sensitive and privileged resources. 

Privileged accounts are a handful of user accounts that have access to sensitive resources such as - databases, backend systems, and places where sensitive resources are stored. 
On one hand, IAM authorizes a user who has sought permission to access a system, while PAM restricts access rights to the minimum number of users required to perform authorized functions.

### PAM’s Strategic Safeguarding Measures

PAM takes a proactive stance in safeguarding privileged accounts by employing strategic measures. For instance, it ensures that credentials for Privileged Accounts are stored in a separate, secure repository. This step minimizes the risk of theft or misuse by cyber threats. Additionally, PAM empowers administrators with tools to limit user access using features such as time restrictions, and bolstering control over sensitive areas.

### Defense Against Credential Sharing

Another ingenious move by PAM is its dedication to reducing the risk of credential sharing by making sure every individual uses a unique login.  It mandates that each individual uses their login credentials, thus restricting the practice of shared access. By doing so, PAM serves as a guardian for a company's most confidential user credentials, tokens, secrets, and keys.

### Automatic Defense Against Cyberattacks

A remarkable advantage of PAM is its ability to significantly reduce the need for manual intervention. In times of cyber-attacks, PAM kicks into action, automatically locking down critical systems to prevent any unauthorized access or damage. In essence, PAM is the digital safeguard that ensures valuable assets remain inaccessible to potential threats, and that an organization's sensitive resources stay secure.

### IAM VS PAM {#iam-vs-pam}

Despite being related, IAM vs PAM are still distinct, even though they are often used interchangeably, even though they serve entirely different audience sets. The purpose of IAM solutions is to manage and monitor the security of all the networks in an organization; whereas the purpose of PAM solutions is to manage a specific set of users and machines which require a special level of access to perform sensitive work. We will examine the similarities and differences between these two technologies.

IAM solutions serve a wide range of users across an organization, independent of the company's infrastructure or their devices. In contrast, PAM solutions, in the IAM vs PAM comparison, are primarily deployed for users needing elevated access to privileged information. While IAM focuses on identifying and verifying users, and granting them access to various applications and services, PAM takes charge of monitoring access and user activities.

Specifically, PAM assumes the responsibility of managing access and user actions within exceptionally sensitive systems, usually accessible to individuals holding administrative privileges. This distinction in usage also leads to a significant contrast in the levels of risk managed by each system. Enterprises strive to prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing any part of their corporate infrastructure, with the risk associated with accessing a single data source being considerably lower than the threat posed by accessing entire databases or critical business systems. Consequently, the methods employed for identification and authorization of access diverge between these two systems in the IAM vs PAM landscape.


### IAM vs. PAM: Comparison Table

&nbsp;


| Aspect      | IAM (Identity and Access Management)    | PAM (Privileged Access Management)     |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| Purpose   | Manages and monitors network security across the organization | Manages specific users and systems with elevated access for sensitive tasks |
| User Scope | Wide range of users and devices across the organization | Users requiring privileged access to sensitive information  |
| Core Functionality | Identifying, verifying, and granting access to various applications and services | Monitoring and managing access and user activities within sensitive systems |
| Risk Management | Focuses on preventing unauthorized access to corporate infrastructure | Manages the risk associated with accessing highly sensitive systems, critical databases, or administrative privileges |
| Authorized Methods | Typically involves user identification and authorization for general access | Includes advanced methods for securing access to highly sensitive resources |
| Differentiation in usage | Primarily used for controlling access and user actions within exceptionally sensitive systems | Deployed for broader network security management and access control       |


### Similarities Between IAM and PAM {#similarities-between-iam-and-pam}


**1. Role-Based Access Control**
An inherent likeness exists between IAM and PAM concerning access control via roles. Not everyone holds complete privileges for all resources, and users aren't granted unrestricted access solely based on their immediate needs. There are predefined roles that streamline policy formulation and implementation. Roles consist of predetermined sets of permissions tailored to specific tasks or job functions.

&nbsp;


**2. Robust Authentication**
Both IAM and PAM share a common trait of robust authentication. This entails the use of multifactor authentication methods to facilitate access. This approach ensures that only verified users, equipped with substantial credentials, are granted entry.

&nbsp;


**3. Multi-Factor Authentication**
The integration of multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a recurrent theme in both IAM and PAM, adding an additional layer of security beyond traditional username and password credentials. MFA employs distinct identifying data—such as biometric information or randomly generated codes—in conjunction with unique user possessions like company-issued smartphones. This fusion of factors safeguards access, even if unauthorized individuals uncover user credentials.
Continual surveillance
A shared principle underscores the significance of continuous monitoring in both IAM and PAM landscapes. Strong and continuous monitoring helps in protection against possible breaches. By identifying and flagging breaches in their initial stages, organizations are empowered to respond promptly and effectively, before attackers can inflict any damage.

&nbsp;


**4. Strict Policy Adherence**
Following policies rigorously is crucial for both PAM and IAM to work effectively, especially in scenarios when certain users make important changes to the systems. Well-crafted policies can limit access at specific times, except for urgent situations. IAM and PAM policies execute well in situations when strong protection is needed against potential threats/weaknesses.


### Which one should you use? {#which-one-should-you-use?}

In order to shield yourself from any internal and external threats, organizations should ideally implement both the solutions, IAM and PAM. When both the tools are implemented companies will be able to remove any kind of vulnerabilities within the system, that can serve as a gateway for hackers to exploit the loophole. Hence a robust security solution that regulates passwords, and monitors user activities, with faster auditing of all user accounts is of paramount importance. 


### Deploy PAM and IAM with miniOrange {#deploy-pam-and-iam-with-miniorange}

miniOrange ensures a close integration between IAM and PAM, by ensuring that the redundant process of privileged user accounts and day-to-day user accounts are avoided. This is done by combining the tools and functionalities of both PAM and IAM such as automated provisioning and deprovisioning, keeping track of user activity, auditing, and compliance, along with holistic user identity protection.  

### FAQ {#faq}

**1. What is the difference between IAM and PIM and PAM?**

IAM vs PAM is a common question in the field. IAM (Identity and Access Management) focuses on managing user identities and controlling access to resources. PIM (Privileged Identity Management) is a subset of IAM that specifically manages privileged accounts and their access. PAM (Privileged Access Management) goes a step further by securing, managing, and monitoring privileged access to critical systems. In essence, IAM handles general user access, PIM manages privileged identities, and PAM ensures secure privileged access. When comparing PAM vs IAM, it's important to understand that PAM identity management adds an extra layer of security to privileged accounts.

&nbsp;

**2. What is the difference between IAM and PAM and DAM?**

In discussing IAM vs PAM vs DAM, IAM (Identity and Access Management) is a comprehensive framework for managing digital identities and access rights. PAM (Privileged Access Management) focuses on securing and managing privileged accounts with elevated access rights. DAM (Data Access Management) deals with controlling and monitoring access to sensitive data. While IAM and PAM focus on user and privileged access management respectively, DAM is specifically concerned with data security and access governance. Understanding the differences between privileged access management vs identity access management is crucial for implementing effective security measures.

&nbsp;

**3. What is IAM and PAM in cybersecurity?**

IAM and PAM play crucial roles in cybersecurity. IAM (Identity and Access Management) involves the processes and technologies used to manage digital identities and control access to resources. It ensures that the right individuals have access to the right resources at the right times. PAM (Privileged Access Management) enhances cybersecurity by securing, managing, and monitoring privileged accounts and their access to critical systems, thereby reducing the risk of security breaches from privileged accounts. The integration of IAM and PAM is vital for comprehensive security.

&nbsp;

**4. What is the difference between an IAM engineer and a PAM engineer?**

The difference between an IAM engineer and a PAM engineer can be seen in their roles and responsibilities. An IAM engineer specializes in implementing and managing Identity and Access Management solutions, focusing on user identity lifecycle, authentication, and access control across the organization. A PAM engineer, on the other hand, is responsible for securing and managing privileged accounts, ensuring that privileged access to critical systems is controlled, monitored, and audited. While both roles are essential in cybersecurity, the IAM engineer handles general user access, and the PAM engineer focuses on privileged access security. Comparing IAM vs PAM roles helps in understanding the distinct focus areas of each.


&nbsp;


Book your demo with us today, for Privilege Access Management  - [Link](https://www.miniorange.in/products/privileged-access-management-pam)


IAM is used to identify and manage user identities digitally across the whole company, while PAM only focuses on privileged access to sensitive systems.

IAM vs. PAM: What’s the difference?


miniOrange Identity & Access Management (IDAM) helps every financial & banking services firm whether it is large or small, needs to know and adhere to the financial & banking services industry’s regulatory compliance standards. These standards govern everything from how your company prices products, collects premiums or handles customer disputes. They are also the foundation for anti-fraud measures that protect the identity theft of credit card holders and identity fraud worldwide. Financial regulators are always increasing the cost of committing wrongdoings in these two areas. Becoming compliant with these regulations will help you survive any potential changes.

Financial & Banking enterprises need to have data protection & Access control with [Identity & Access management](https://blog.miniorange.in/identity-and-access-management-iam-market-after-economic-turndown/) for internal & external applications. This is helping finance & banking enterprises to build trust & create safe experiences for the workplace & customers.

miniOrange IDAM solution for Banking or Non-Banking & Finance Sector, whether it is on-premise or cloud ([identity as-a-service – IdaaS](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-identity-as-a-service-idaas/), for example), ensures that the authorized users can access only the data they are permitted to access.

### Is IDAM Necessary for the Banking & Finance Sector? {#is-idam-necessary-for-the-banking-and-finance-sector}

Identity and Access Management (IDAM) is a critical aspect of cybersecurity in the banking industry. It refers to the processes and technologies used to manage and secure access to a company’s systems and data.

In the banking industry, IDAM is particularly important due to the sensitive nature of the data being handled. This includes customer financial information, as well as internal banking operations data. Ensuring that only authorized individuals have access to this data is essential for maintaining the security and integrity of the bank’s operations.

Banking & Finance sectors have  compliance programs designed to make sure that banks adhere to a certain set of guidelines and regulations that affect the operations of financial institutions. Compliance in banking has become more important than ever before due to the number of regulations adopted by both government and financial regulators. Compliance regulations such as:

**PCI-DSS** mandates the implementation of IT security measures to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of financial data.

**SOX** compliance refers to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, a US federal law passed in 2002. SOX requires companies to maintain internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, and to have an independent auditor attest to the effectiveness of those controls. It is mandatory for any company that is publicly traded in the United States to comply with SOX

**GLBA** compliance refers to compliance with the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, a US federal law passed in 1999. GLBA requires financial institutions to have a written information security plan (WISP) in place, which includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to protect nonpublic personal information from unauthorized access or use. The GLBA applies to banks, credit unions, securities firms, and other financial institutions that offer consumers financial products or services.

**FISMA** compliance refers to compliance with the Federal Information Security Modernization Act, a US federal law passed in 2002. FISMA requires federal agencies to implement information security policies and procedures, including risk management, incident response, and continuous monitoring of their information systems.

**SAMA** compliance refers to compliance with the regulations set by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA), which is the central bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. SAMA sets rules and regulations for financial institutions operating in the country to ensure stability and safety of the financial system.

**RBI Guidelines** -  In India, banks are required to comply with various IT-related regulations and guidelines set forth by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to ensure the security and integrity of banking systems and data.

miniOrange IDAM solution supports more banking & finance compliance like above mentioned according to the different countries & regions.

### IDAM System {#idam-sysytem}

There are several key components of an effective **IDAM system** in the banking industry:

![IDAM Systems](/blog/assets/2023/idam-system.webp)

- **User registration**: Customers register for online banking by providing personal and identification information, such as name, address, date of birth, and government-issued ID.
- **Authentication**: The bank verifies the user’s identity by using one or more authentication methods, such as a password, security questions, or biometrics.
- **Authorization**: Once the user is authenticated, the bank grants access to the appropriate resources, such as account information or online transactions, based on the user’s role and permissions.
- **Access management**: The bank monitors and controls the user’s access to resources by implementing policies and procedures, such as password expiration, multi-factor authentication, and access logs.
- **Audit and compliance**: The bank maintains records of all user activity for compliance and auditing purposes, such as to detect and prevent fraud.
- **De-provisioning**: When a user’s access is no longer needed, the bank revokes the user’s access to resources and performs any necessary clean-up tasks, such as deleting the user’s account or archiving the user’s data.

Overall, IDAM is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity in the banking industry. By implementing strong identity verification, access control, and auditing and reporting processes, banks can ensure that their systems and data are protected against potential threats.

IDAM combines SSO with [multi-factor authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) to secure user access to cloud and on-premises applications and protects confidential financial data by applying different authentication factors for different users based on risk factors such as IP address, time of access, device, and geo-location with risk-based automated access control.

Secure financial data with IDAM for Banking & Finance. Get Single Sign-On & Multi-Factor Authentication  for cloud/on-premises apps. Ensure regulatory compliance & data protection.

IDAM for Banking and Finance Sector to ensure regulatory compliance


## Identity and Access Management (IAM) Market After Economic Turndown

Identity and Access Management in today’s economy, organizations are feeling the pinch. They’re looking for ways to cut costs, and one area that’s often targeted is IT. However, even in lean times, it’s important to maintain strong security practices. This is where [IAM](https://www.miniorange.in/workforce-identity) comes in.

### What will be the Identity and Access Management market size by 2023 ? {#size-of-iam-market-by-2023}

The economic turndown has significantly impacted the identity and access management (IAM) market. The IAM market size is expected to reach USD 27.5 billion by 2023. This market is anticipated to witness a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.6% during the forecast period. The recession has led to a decrease in IT spending. This has affected the growth of the IAM market. However, the adoption of cloud-based IAM solutions is expected to drive market growth during the forecast period. The need for IAM solutions and services is expected to grow due to the increasing number of cyber-attacks and data breaches. Organizations are now focusing on implementing effective IAM solutions to protect their critical data and applications from unauthorized access.

### IAM impacts on different industries {#iam-impacts-on-different-industries}

IAM solutions help organizations manage and secure digital identities. These solutions help in providing security and compliance for the organization. IAM solutions are being adopted by various industry angles such as Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI), healthcare, IT & telecom, government, and others. They provide a centralized platform to manage user access and permissions. IAM solutions also help organizations comply with data privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

The BFSI angle is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period due to the increasing need for compliance with regulatory mandates, such as Basel III and the Payment Services Directive (PSD2).

The healthcare angle is expected to grow at a significant CAGR during the forecast period due to the increased adoption of IAM solutions to comply with the requirement, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

The IT & telecom angle is expected to grow at a significant CAGR during the forecast period due to the growing need for IAM solutions in this vertical to manage the increasing number of users and devices.

The government angle is expected to grow at a significant CAGR during the forecast period due to the increasing focus of government organizations on implementing IAM solutions to comply with various mandates.

### IAM solution and leading vendors {#iam-solution-and-leading-vendors}

Organizations use identity and access management (IAM) solutions to give employees, contractors, and other users the ability to access the data and systems they need to do their jobs. IAM solutions control who has access to what, and they also track and monitor user activity.

IAM solutions are used to manage both internal and external user access. Internal users are typically employees or contractors who need access to company data and systems. External users are typically customers or partners who need access to some of the company’s data or systems.

IAM usually includes a combination of technology, process, and people. The technology component includes the software and hardware that are used to manage access and track user activity. The process component includes the policies and procedures that are used to manage access. The people component includes the people who are responsible for managing access and enforcing the policies and procedures.

There are many different types of IAM solutions, and the one that’s right for a particular organization depends on the organization’s size, needs, and budget. Some of the most popular IAM solutions include Microsoft Active Directory, Oracle Identity Manager, and IBM Tivoli Access Manager.

The leading players in the IAM market are Microsoft (US), Ping Identity (US), Okta (US), AWS (US), OneLogin (US), and miniOrange (IN).

### Why is IAM Implementation important? {#why-is-iam-implementation-important}

Any security program is dependent on IAM. It controls who has access to what, and when they have access. In the current climate, it’s more important than ever to make sure that only the right people have access to your systems and data.

There are a number of ways to implement IAM, but one of the most effective is to use a centralized system. This gives you a single point of control and makes it easier to monitor and audit access.

In a recession, it’s tempting to cut corners on security. But IAM is one area where you can’t afford to skimp. Strong IAM practices will help you keep your systems and data safe, and protect your organization from costly breaches.

There are a number of potential security risks that organizations face when it comes to identity and access management (IAM). Employees are often the weak link in the IAM chain, and as such, it is important for organizations to take steps to mitigate the risks associated with employee access.

One of the most common risks is the potential for insider threats. Employees with malicious intent can cause serious damage to an organization, and often have access to sensitive information that can be used to exploit the organization. Another risk is the potential for employees to inadvertently provide access to criminals or hackers. This can happen through social engineering or simply by falling for phishing scams.

Organizations need to be aware of the risks and take steps to mitigate them. One way to do this is to provide employees with training on IAM and security best practices. This can help to educate employees on the risks and what they can do to reduce them. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing technical controls such as two-factor authentication or access control measures to restrict employee access to sensitive data. By taking these steps, organizations can help to reduce the risks associated with employee access and improve their overall security posture.


Identity and Access Management in today’s economy, organizations are feeling the pinch. They’re looking for ways to cut costs, and one area that’s often targeted is IT. However, even in lean times, it’s important to maintain strong security practices. This is where IAM comes in.

Identity and Access Management (IAM) Market After Economic Turndown


## SSO into Jenkins while managing users in Atlassian Crowd

From cell phones to tablets to watches, clients are depending more on the comfort of the versatile innovation of mobile phones because of its easy portability. 

Lately we have seen a huge expansion in the universality of cell phones among people across the globe. These gadgets empower people to introduce a huge collection of tools, known as “applications,” These applications are the quintessence of cell phones, improving their usefulness and upgrading their regular day to day usage. **The application markets permit clients to play out a fast pursuit with establishment of new applications, and yet, they are also a wellspring of various types of malware.** These days, cell phones are dependent upon a wide scope of safety challenges and malevolent dangers.

While adapting to the issue, the objective of this collaboration is to bring you a tad bit nearer to safety and security on mobile phones.

**INFOSYSTA**, the developers of [Mobile for Jira](https://marketplace.atlassian.com/apps/1214475/mobile-for-jira?tab=overview&hosting=cloud) and [JSmobile](https://marketplace.atlassian.com/apps/1219125/jsmobile-service-management-portal?hosting=cloud&tab=overview) are now integrating with **miniOrange’s [Two factor Authentication (2FA)](https://marketplace.atlassian.com/apps/1221260/mo-two-factor-authentication-2fa-for-jira?hosting=datacenter&tab=overview) for JIRA** in their solutions for smartphones.

### Why is Mobile Security a Necessity? {#why-is-mobile-security-a-necessity}

Below are the points why you actually need Mobile Security:
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Your private data is always protected: It safeguards your data whether it relates to personal, private or public life and ensures that it is under your control everytime. No one can access it without your authorization.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Your device is protected against malwares: It reduces the chances of viruses and malwares.

### What is 2FA? And How does it work? {#what-is-2fa-and-how-does-it-work}

As found in a lot of news stories about hacks and information leaks, an unprotected password can help cybercriminals access your ledger, charge cards, or gain information on individual sites. 

In any case, the fight isn’t lost. One approach to rapidly support the security of your online records is two-factor authentication — called 2FA — which adds an additional layer of safety to your information.

2FA is a subset of multi-factor authentication. The concept of 2FA is that you need more than just a username and password set to login into an application and if you don’t provide the key to both the factors, authentication fails.

This second factor could emerge out of one of the classifications:

- **Something you know:** This could be a personal identification number (PIN), a password, answers to “secret questions.”
- **Something you have:** Typically, a user would have something in their possession, like a credit card, a smartphone, or a small hardware token.
- **Something you are:** This category is a little more advanced, and might include a biometric pattern of a fingerprint, an iris scan, or a voice print.

It guarantees that regardless of whether your password is exposed to anybody, or on the other hand if it’s stolen through phishing, they will not have the option to get to your information without going through the subsequent factor.  

&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Let’s have a look at the benefits of 2FA:**

- Further developed security: By requiring a second layer of verification, 2FA reduces the chances of getting the data or access under attacks. Regardless of whether a fraudster has access to a password he will not have the subsequent component needed to validate.

- Increase of usefulness and adaptability: Enterprises are accepting 2FA as it adds to a higher level of security. With versatile 2FA methods(SMS/OTP/QR codes), workers can safely get to corporate applications, information, records, and administrative center frameworks from any device or area without putting the corporate organization and data in danger.

![Atlassian Crowd and Jenkins integration](/blog/assets/2023/two-factor-authentication-integration-with-infosysta.webp)

### Our Integration {#miniorange-integration}

Realising the threats of cyberattacks, miniOrange developed **Two factor Authentication** to give applications one additional layer of security over just a password. A security which can only be verified by the person who’s information like mobile number or security questions has been set up. In our add-on, there are multiple ways in which you can set up 2FA on mobile phones.

The methods are as follows:
- Mobile Authenticator
- Yubikey Hardware Token
- OTP over Email
- Security Question
- Backup Codes: As the name suggests this authentication method acts as a backup when the passcode/OTP of the primary method is lost.

And to add to that, **Infosysta** is all set with their mobile applications; **Mobile for Jira and JSmobile** to help users for efficient work portability. 

**Infosysta** has now integrated **miniOrange’s Two Factor Authentication** with their Mobile for Jira and JSmobile applications, which are easy to install, configure and use.

With ease of moving from PCs to your mobile phone plus advanced security with 2FA comes together to give you a supportive system. 

miniOrange provides improved security with 2FA for mobile apps such as Mobile for Jira and JSMobile in collaboration with Infosysta. Infosysta has now integrated miniOrange’s Two Factor Authentication with their Mobile for Jira and JSmobile applications, which are easy to install, configure and use. With ease of moving from PCs to your mobile phone plus advanced security with 2FA comes together to give you a supportive system. 

Integration of Two Factor Authentication (2FA) with INFOSYSTA Mobile Apps


## What Is an IAM Framework? {#What Is an IAM Framework?}

An **[Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management) framework** is the security structure that ensures only the right individuals have access to the right resources at the right time for the right reasons. The IAM system does this by verifying user identity through a secure identity management database. Once the identity is confirmed, access management steps in to determine user entitlements, governing what resources and actions are permitted based on the verified identity.

The key components of identity and access management include user [authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/authentication), authorization, and auditing. These IAM components ensure the secure flow of data and control over user permissions. Within cloud environments, the components of IAM in cloud computing are essential for managing access to cloud-based resources while maintaining security.

**IAM policy components** define the rules for user permissions and resource access, making sure that only authorized users can perform specific actions. In simpler terms, the **basic components of IAM** are authentication (who you are), authorization (what you can access), and auditing (tracking what was accessed and by whom).

Understanding the components of IAM helps organizations build a secure infrastructure, ensuring that sensitive data and systems remain protected while allowing authorized access when needed.


## How Does an Identity and Access Management Framework Work? {#How Does an Identity and Access Management Framework Work?}


Identity Management Systems (IMS) are essential for managing user identities and access within an organization. Let us take a  step-by-step breakdown of how this operates:

![How IAM framework ](/blog/assets/2024/iam-framework.webp)



1. **User Registration Process** - The first step is to register new users. During this phase, the system collects important information from users through a form, which it then stores securely. This information is used to verify who the user is and to set up their access rights in the system. Users are given login credentials like a username and password to access the system.
2. **User Authentication Process** - After registration, every time a user tries to log in, the system must confirm their identity through a process called authentication. This is typically done using the credentials they were given during registration. For better security, additional methods like fingerprint scans, security tokens, or a code sent to their phone (known as [multi-factor authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa)) might also be used.
3. **Access Control Process** - Once the system confirms the user's identity through authentication, it then checks what parts of the system the user is allowed to access. This process, known as [access control](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-access-control/), uses the user's credentials to look up their permissions in a database and grants or denies access accordingly. This ensures users only get into parts of the system they need for their work.
4. **User Management** - User Management manages users by overseeing and adjusting their activities and access rights within the system. It's helpful to have a central dashboard where administrators can see and manage all user activities. This helps keep the system secure and makes sure that access rights are always appropriate and up-to-date.
5. **Audit Process** - Finally, regular audits are an essential part of an IMS. They help check for security issues and ensure the system works as it should. This is `especially important in cloud-based services where the system’s use and the regulatory environment are constantly changing.


## Key Components of Identity and Access Management Framework {#Key Components of Identity and Access Management Framework}

1. **User Identity Management** - [User Management](https://www.miniorange.in/products/user-management) is a crucial element of any IAM system, user identity management focuses on creating, updating, and maintaining user profiles and their access rights. This includes [user provisioning](https://www.miniorange.in/products/user-provisioning) new accounts, managing profiles as roles evolve, de-provisioning accounts when users leave or change roles, and ensuring proper access control and security across the organization.
2. **User Authentication** - It is the process of verifying a user's identity to ensure that only authorized individuals can access systems and data. [MFA Methods](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-methods) include traditional passwords, which are common but less secure, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), which combines two or more verification steps for increased security, and biometric verification, which uses physical attributes like fingerprints or facial recognition to authenticate users, offering a higher level of protection.
3. **User Authorization and Access Control** - After authenticating a user's identity, it's essential to manage their access to resources and capabilities within the system. This is achieved through methods such as [Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/), where permissions are assigned based on the user's organizational role, and [Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-attribute-based-access-control-abac/), which allocates rights based on specific attributes like department or location. Additionally, the principle of Least Privilege is applied to ensure that users are granted only the minimum access necessary to perform their duties, enhancing the overall security posture.
4. **Single Sign-On (SSO)** - [Single Sign-On](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso) streamlines access across multiple applications by enabling users to log in once and gain entry without needing to re-authenticate for each service. This not only simplifies the user experience but also enhances security by reducing the number of passwords users must manage. By minimizing password fatigue, SSO decreases the likelihood of users adopting weak security practices, such as reusing passwords. As a result, SSO is a vital feature of contemporary IAM solutions, balancing ease of access with robust security.
5. **Directory Services** - [Directory services](https://www.miniorange.in/products/directory-services) serve as a centralized repository for storing, organizing, and managing critical information about users, groups, and systems. These services ensure that this data is easily accessible to applications and services that depend on it for [authentication, authorization,](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/authentication-authorization-difference/) and other IAM-related functions. By providing accurate and up-to-date information, directory services support informed access control decisions. Examples of commonly used directory services include Microsoft Active Directory, LDAP, and cloud-based solutions like Azure AD.
6. **Audit and Compliance Reporting** - IAM systems are equipped with tools for detailed auditing and generating [compliance](https://www.miniorange.in/compliances/) reports, which are crucial for complying with various regulatory standards. This includes maintaining activity logs that record user actions, access times, and attempted security breaches. Additionally, these systems offer compliance reporting capabilities to create necessary documentation for regulations such as [GDPR](https://www.miniorange.in/compliances/gdpr), HIPAA, and others, ensuring organizations meet legal and security obligations.
7. **Identity Governance and Administration (IGA)** - IGA refers to the framework and tools that oversee and manage the lifecycle of user identities within an organization. This includes setting up new identities (provisioning), conducting regular access reviews, and enforcing compliance with regulatory standards. By automating these processes, IGA ensures that only authorized personnel have access to specific resources, thereby enhancing security and compliance. This is especially critical in sectors like finance, healthcare, and government, where precise management of identity and access data is mandatory to meet strict regulatory requirements.

## Importance of a Solid Identity and Access Management Solution {#Importance of a Solid Identity and Access Management Solution}

A robust Identity and Access Management (IAM) solution is essential for several critical aspects of organizational management and security. Here’s the significance:

- **Security Enhancement**: IAM limits access to sensitive information to authorized users only, thereby reducing the likelihood of data breaches and mitigating insider threats. This tight control over access safeguards an organization's data assets.
- **Compliance Assurance**: By managing and logging user activities and access, IAM facilitates adherence to various industry regulations and standards, helping organizations avoid penalties and legal issues.
- **User Experience Improvement**: With features such as [Single Sign-On (SSO) solution](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/sso-solution) and [automated user provisioning](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/automated-user-provisioning/), IAM simplifies how users interact with multiple systems, reducing the hassle of remembering multiple passwords and streamlining the login process.
- **Operational Efficiency**: IAM automates many routine tasks related to identity verification and access management, thereby freeing up IT staff to concentrate on more strategic initiatives. This automation not only speeds up processes but also reduces errors associated with manual interventions.


Implementing an IAM solution empowers organizations to protect sensitive data, comply with regulatory requirements, enhance user satisfaction, and optimize operational workflows.

##  Enhance Security with advanced IAM {#Enhance Security with advanced IAM}

Implementing a robust [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/) system is crucial for maintaining security and enhancing the operational efficiency of any organization. Such systems are essential not just for safeguarding sensitive information but also for ensuring that access is appropriately aligned with user roles and responsibilities. As the landscape of technology and cybersecurity threats continues to evolve, IAM systems must also progress, adopting cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. These advancements help to improve security measures and optimize the user experience, keeping the organization ahead of potential security risks. 

For those looking to stay at the forefront of this evolution,[ miniOrange](https://www.miniorange.in/) provides advanced IAM solutions tailored to meet these dynamic needs.



Key components of IAM include User Identity Management, User Authentication, User Authorization and Access Control, Audit and Reporting, Single Sign On.

IAM Framework: 5 Key Components


In the current digital landscape, [Multi-factor authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) is crucial as it safeguards sensitive information and data, because of its capability to strengthen security, prevent breaches, and counter phishing.  MFA ensures compliance, safeguards remote access, and prevents unauthorized entry. This proactive approach not only protects sensitive information but also offers long-term cost savings.

With ever-increasing cyber threats, relying only on passwords for protection is no longer sufficient. This is where Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) comes into play. MFA adds an additional layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before granting access. To help you implement MFA effectively, we've compiled a comprehensive MFA checklist that covers critical considerations and best practices.

### Elaboration on Key Points for Effective MFA Requirements {#elaboration-on-key-points-for-effective-mfa-requirements}

**1. User-friendly and comprehensive support:** 

Choose an MFA solution that offers both a user-friendly setup and comprehensive support. This combination of an easy setup process and robust user assistance reduces any issues encountered during implementation and empowers users to embrace the new security measure, integrating Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) seamlessly into daily operations.

**2. Application Integration:**

The MFA solution should seamlessly integrate with the applications and systems you use, it should seamlessly integrate with your existing infrastructure. That would ensure security enhancements without disrupting operations,  minimizing disruptions to workflows. The integration streamlines the user experience and helps to maintain their familiar workflows while benefiting from enhanced security measures.

**3. Offline MFA Methods:**

Explore MFA methods that work offline, ensuring access even when connectivity is limited. Offline-capable methods, like hardware tokens or biometrics stored on a device, ensure users can authenticate even in situations where an internet connection is not available.

**4. Integration with KPIs:**

Integrate MFA effectiveness with key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure its impact on security and user experience. By aligning MFA deployment with quantifiable metrics, you can evaluate its success in enhancing protection while maintaining a positive user journey.

**5. Authentication Methods:**

Explore the diverse set of authentication methods, such as - SMS, push notifications, biometrics, hardware tokens, and authenticator apps. Choose the method that aligns with user preferences and security requirements. This array of options enables users to select the most suitable authentication and accommodates a wide range of preferences while maintaining security standards.

**6. Flexible Authentication Policies:**

Tailored authentication policies to suit varying levels of sensitivity and risk. This is done by implementing different levels of MFA complexity, such as -  requiring stronger methods for high-risk actions. Security measures are aligned with the value and potential impact of the access.

**7. Reporting and Auditing:**

Select an MFA solution with a robust reporting system, offering insights into user behavior, failed login attempts, and potential threats for proactive responses. These reports provide a comprehensive overview of security events, enabling prompt actions to mitigate risks and address security vulnerabilities.

**8. Device Trust:**

When MFA solutions support device-based trust, it enables certain devices to bypass specific MFA methods based on the security structure of the organization. This approach strikes a balance between security and convenience. It enables trusted devices to undergo streamlined authentication while still upholding overall security standards.

**9. Application Integration and Standards:**

When developing an in-house application, ensure your chosen MFA solution provides strong APIs and developer support, allowing smooth integration. Additionally, prioritize MFA solutions that follow open standards like OAuth, ensuring compatibility and enhancing overall security.


MFA solutions that incorporate behavioral analytics to detect anomalies in user behavior, in turn, enhance security by identifying potentially compromised accounts. This proactive approach helps to prevent unauthorized access by recognizing patterns that deviate from established user behavior norms.

### Conclusion {#conclusion}

Overall, Following the above checklist will enable you to implement MFA effectively, significantly enhancing your organization's digital security posture. Hence, the miniOrange Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) solution is an essential tool in your cybersecurity toolkit. 

Protecting sensitive information and maintaining user trust has never been more crucial, and MFA is a step in the right direction. Stay ahead of cyber threats by embracing MFA and securing your digital assets, to experience the benefits firsthand, we invite you to schedule a demo or take advantage of our 30-day Free Trial [Link](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/free-trial).

Our round-the-clock 24x7 global assistance ensures you're never alone in your journey toward enhanced security. What's more, all of this comes at a competitive price point, making miniOrange the ultimate destination to achieve the utmost comfort and security in the market.





Our Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) checklist covers how to ensure your MFA solution meets your company security needs. 

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Checklist- Enhancing Your Digital Security

With the news that Microsoft has discontinued selling ‘Azure MFA server’ from 2018, [Microsoft Azure MFA](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-mfa-howitworks) customers are looking to migrate to another MFA providing vendor.  

Migrations are most successful when handled with the best methods and planned approach. It is also important to understand that Migration can be challenging sometimes and needs the understanding to resolve issues.  

miniOrange is taking all these issues like MFA methods & **providing support to all organizations for easy and free migration from the Azure MFA server as its infrastructure is built for both On-premise and Cloud solutions**. miniOrange Identity platform ensures the organizations benefit from the use of its solution by ensuring their Azure AD tokens can coexist with their miniOrange Identity Platform deployment until all users are fully migrated.  

Issues such as Multi-Tenant Support or Third Party Support are faced by Azure MFA users are also acknowledged by miniOrange by providing Multiple domain support to users and enabling Integration with third-party Identity Providers. miniOrange provides a modern identity platform for such migrations in order to solve these problems of authentication.  

&nbsp;  

#### **Current situation of Microsoft Azure MFA Server**
Microsoft Azure server was previously used for users to store in AD but it is discontinued. It cannot be considered for any new implementation as

- Microsoft no longer invests in this methodology.
- There is a lack of integration with SSPR and Azure MFA Cloud.
- There is no solution to seamlessly migrate MFA Server to MFA Cloud-based solution using a tool or software.  

**For further details check [here](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authentication/multi-factor-authentication-faq) about Azure MFA current situation.**

### Key advantages of using miniOrange Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) {#key-advantages-of-using-miniorange-multi-factor-authentication-mfa}

- miniOrange provides a solution to the migration path for Azure MFA customers providing a smooth workflow process and a good user interface. Authentication is the most crucial and identity security solution to avoid much brute force, phishing attacks, credentials stuffing and secure access to the data for all the workspaces and customer authorizations.
- Replacing Azure MFA server with [miniOrange Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-multi-factor-authentication-mfa/) helps you in authenticating users by verifying two or more verification factors and ensuring the right set of authentication to your sensitive information and protect user identities on both cloud and on-premise which is not provided by Azure MFA server in on-premise.
- With the increase of security risks across global organizations, miniOrange updated the features with [15+ authentication methods](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/content-library/admin-docs/configure-mfa-methods-for-admins) that include SoftToken, Push, QR Code using Google, Microsoft, and [miniOrange authenticator app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.miniorange.android.authenticator&hl=en_IN&gl=US) and Hardware Tokens like- Yubikey, Display with various popular integrations with [OpenVPN](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-for-open-vpn), [Fortinet](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-for-fortinet), [Windows](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)-for-windows-login-and-rdp), [Sharepoint](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)-for-sharepoint), [Office 365](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)-for-office-365), and many more.
- In this era of telecommunication, MFA allows employees to safely access data from any device or location without putting sensitive data at risk. Having a second form of identification greatly decreases the chance of a hacker gaining access to corporate devices or other sensitive information.  


### How to Migrate from Microsoft Azure MFA Server to miniOrange Identity Platform? {#how-to-migrate-from-microsoft-azure-mfa-server-to-miniorange-identity-platform}

miniOrange supports seamless integration of MFA for AD users. Here miniOrange Identity Provider (On-Premise or the Cloud version) will connect to your Enterprise Active Directory and make a Manual import of all the users from the AD to the miniOrange. Once that is done, users will be easily able to reconfigure their MFA methods. Here the AD user will use his AD credentials and the configured MFA method in miniOrange to log into the applications that he requires.  

For all the users that are created after the initial import, we support an On the Fly user creation and synchronization capabilities that allow users and their data to be in sync with Active Directory.

![Microsoft Azure MFA Server](/blog/assets/2023/microsoft-azure-mfa-server.webp)

### Microsoft Azure MFA VS miniOrange {#microsoft-azure-mfa-vs-miniorange}

| Features | Microsoft Azure MFA | miniOrange |
| -------- | ------------------- | ---------- |
| Infrastructure | Cloud Solution | Cloud as well as On-Premise solution |
| Support | Support available at a premium cost | Reliable and Efficient support available at low costs |
| Update/Upgrades | EOL Announced for MFA server | Continuous Update/Upgrades will be available for both Cloud as well as On-Premise |
| Price | Comparatively Costly | Cost-Effective |
| Licensing | Relatively complex licensing | Flexible and simple licensing model. |
| MFA Methods | Supports only 8 MFA methods | 15+ MFA methods |
| Offline MFA | Offline mode not available for MFA | Provides full MFA security even in Offline mode |
| MFA Integrations with Windows VPN/RDP clients | Requires NPS to be installed | NPS is not required |
| Multi-Tenant Support for Radius Authentication | Supports single tenant as NPS is required to be deployed | Supports multiple domains |
| Third-Party IdP Support | Adding an external IDP is complex, involves Platform changes and setting up policies | Integration with third-party Identity Providers |
| User Directory Integration | Azure Active Directory is limited and doesn’t support any other | Users can authenticate via any user directory like AD/LDAP, any external database like HRMS system, AWS Cognito |

### Conclusion {#conclusion}
Understanding the challenges of migration and dealing with problems of Authentication is important keeping in mind about the trouble-free experience for users. The Azure MFA server has discontinued its service but the identity providers are ready to resolve those authentication gaps. miniOrange Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) services ensure that the right set of eyes have access to your sensitive information sitting on the cloud or on-premise.  

Moving behind username and passwords, miniOrange provides multiple types of authentications based on clients, devices, and locations, and a set of updated factors to verify any user.  

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  


#### **Further Reading**  
- [What is Multi-Factor Authentication – MFA?](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-multi-factor-authentication-mfa/)  
- [Adaptive Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/adaptive-multi-factor-authentication-mfa) 
- [What is Single Sign-On SSO?](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso)  
- [Identity Broker Service](https://www.miniorange.in/products/identity-broker-service)

miniOrange provides free and easy support to migrate from Microsoft Azure Multi-Factor Authentication MFA Cloud and On-Premise Server.

Migrating from Microsoft Azure Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Server


### What is the 23 NYCRR Part 500? {#what-is-the-23-nycrr-part-500}
The[ NYDFS CyberSecurity Regulation Guidelines](https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/Cybersecurity_Requirements_Financial_Services_23NYCRR500.pdf), released on March 1 2017, are a set of regulations from the New York Department of Financial Services that places new cybersecurity requirements on financial institutions. These new guidelines under 23 NYCRR Part 500 affected licensed lenders, state-chartered banks, trust companies, service contract providers, private bankers, mortgage companies, insurance firms doing business in New York, non-U.S. banks licensed to operate in New York, and many other organizations, which now have to comply with these additional Cybersecurity Requirements.  

These NYDFS Cybersecurity guidelines focus more on a cybersecurity program risk assessment which determines an entity’s best practices and policies to mitigate security risks. Identity and Access Management (IAM) in the form of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or equivalent measures, is now required by the NYDFS. Specifically, section 500.1 defines MFA as follows:  

“Multi-Factor Authentication means authentication through verification of at least two of the following types of authentication factors: (1) Knowledge factors, such as a password; or (2) Possession factors, such as a token or text message on a mobile phone; or (3) Inherence factors, such as a biometric characteristic.”  

Additional sections that are pertinent to effective IAM include:  
“Risk-Based Authentication means any risk-based system of authentication that detects anomalies or changes in the normal use patterns of a Person and requires additional verification of the Person’s identity when such deviations or changes are detected, such as through the use of challenge questions.”  

NYDFS also describes how each Covered Entity needs to implement and maintain cybersecurity regulation policies. One of the areas explicitly covered as part of the cybersecurity policies relates to access controls and identity management. Covered Entities must prove they have effective IAM measures in place to eliminate or reduce unauthorized access to sensitive information by hackers, phishers, insiders, or third parties.  

According to these new cybersecurity guidelines by the NYDFS, IAM becomes the most important factor to protect huge customer and business information. So implementing MFA, Lifecycle Management and other solutions can help organizations to ensure that they comply with these new guidelines.

 

### Why is 23 NYCRR Part 500 needed? {#why-is-23-nycrr-part-500-needed}
To prevent data breaches, cyber security threats & unauthorized access. These cybersecurity guidelines help organizations secure their environment from different cyber security threats to protect all types of data.
 

### How can miniOrange help you? {#how-can-miniorange-help-you} 

&nbsp;  


| Regulation Requirement | How miniOrange can help |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------- |
| 500.02- Cybersecurity Program,  (b)(1)–Covered Entities must identify and assess internal/external cybersecurity risks | • miniOrange provides detailed data reporting of all different types of authentications done across cloud, mobile, web and on-premise applications. |
| | • miniOrange’s system also detects suspicious login/location/user etc. and forces such anomalous events to authenticate again through multiple ways, to prevent threats to cybersecurity. |
| 500.06 – Audit trail, (a)(1) – logging, (a)(2)–a Covered Entity’s audit trails must be designed to detect and respond to cybersecurity suspicious events | • miniOrange provides detailed data reporting of all different types of authentications done across cloud, mobile, web and on-premise applications.
| | • miniOrange’s system also detects suspicious login/location/user etc. and forces such anomalous events to authenticate again through multiple ways.
| | • Admin or Super-admins can take action based on suspicious detected events, such as prompting for step-up authentication, limiting or revoking access, changing user group membership, and more. |
| 500.07- Access Privileges- Covered Entity shall limit user access to Nonpublic Information and shall periodically review such access privileges | • Sophisticated lifecycle management ensures the permitted level of access to the right applications.
| | • Covered entities can easily set access and entitlement rules based on attributes, such as user group membership.
| | • miniOrange provides visibility into who has access to which data via simple access governance that offers the ability to see all users who have access to specific applications. |
| 500.09- Risk Assessment by covered entities | • miniOrange provides detailed data reporting of all different types of authentications done across cloud, mobile, web and on-premise applications.
| | • miniOrange’s system also detects suspicious login/location/user etc. and forces such anomalous events to authenticate again through multiple ways. |
| 500.12- Multi-Factor Authentication | • miniOrange provides 15+ MFA methods including adaptive MFA for intelligent, contextual access based on user location and device attributes.
| | • miniOrange’s flexible policy framework allows for step-up authentication based on risk-based user or device context such as anomalous location, brute force attempts, etc.
| | • miniOrange’s flexible and granular policy framework allows different MFA policies for different user types including admins, users, and third parties (contractors and partners, etc.).
| | • miniOrange’s multiple network zone support allows policies to be defined for access from outside your firm’s network. |
| 500.14- Training and Monitoring- Covered Entity shall implement risk-based policies, procedures and controls designed to monitor the activity  provide regular cybersecurity awareness training | • miniOrange’s detailed data reporting of all different types of authentications done across cloud, mobile, web and on-premise applications which also detects suspicious login/location/user etc. and forces such anomalous events to authenticate again through multiple ways.
| | • Anomalous events are surfaced in the syslog and include brute force detections, anomalous login/location/client detections, low reputation network login detections, and more. |  

&nbsp;  

miniOrange provides [Identity and Access Management](https://www.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management) services quickly for the management of information such as users, organizations, devices, services, etc., and in a very cost-effective manner to its customers.  

With miniOrange IAM systems, you do not need to worry about administrative overheads. We provide IAM services, which take care of your security, administrative, access management and help you focus on your core business.  

&nbsp;  


- The identity and access management policy, including the responsibilities and accountabilities, should be defined, approved, and implemented.
    - An Identity and access management solution which is highly flexible to fit into any organization’s policy or workflow as per the customer requirements and existing setup.
    - Centralized, simple management and synchronization of identities for users, devices, and things. Can integrate with any system and enhance authentication and authorization capabilities with multiple protocols and connectors for web apps, mobile apps, thick-client applications, etc. Highly flexible and therefore able to fit almost any use case.  

&nbsp;  

- Compliance with the identity and access policy should be monitored.
    - miniOrange generates real-time reports for high-level usage summary, per user summary, user authentication, active usage report, etc. to monitor the user activities across the applications.
    - Logs are saved for monitoring, debugging issues, recovery, etc. miniOrange can integrate with your SIEM tools for real-time monitoring of the organization’s Information security systems.  

&nbsp;  

- The effectiveness of the cybersecurity controls within the identity and access management policy should be measured and periodically evaluated.
    - All users are given controlled access to the applications with the help of multi-factor authentication during Single Sign-on. miniOrange provides multiple parameters for adaptive authentication such as restriction based on IP, device, location, time for proper evaluation of user before giving access.
    - The administrator can receive updates/ alerts for any behavior change of the user.
    - You can create multiple groups for different levels of users and have access policies depending on the groups. Any new user can be added to the appropriate groups and he will be provisioned to the allowed application of that specific group.
    - Any inappropriate access can be easily revoked at any point in time.  
		
&nbsp;  

- The identity and access management policy should include
    - business requirements for access control (i.e., need-to-have and need-to-know);
        - You can create user/group access policies for your applications based on the role and requirements of each user/group.
        - Users can access their respective applications with one click from the miniOrange dashboard without having to log in every time.
    - User access management (e.g., joiners, movers, leavers):
        - Users can be added to the system with any of the following methods –
            - Manual addition of Users/Vendors.
            - Bulk upload of users and groups using the CSV upload method.
            - Connect to your existing Identity provider ( eg. Okta, OneLogin, Keycloak, ADFS, etc.)
            - Connect to AD/LDAP
            - Use your existing database as an identity store ( My-SQL, MS-SQL, etc.)
            - Provision your users through your HR management system.  

&nbsp;  

- To streamline the process of assigning and managing the user access rights, miniOrange provides an automated user access management system. This will aid in time management and allow administrators to take faster and quick action against any security breaches and prevent improper user activity.centralization of the identity and access management function;  

&nbsp;  

- Provisioning and Deprovisioning are handled in one place using a centralized identity and access management system. IT resources are centrally controlled with miniOrange IAM services, and users can access all apps and tools from a single dashboard with the convenience of a single sign-on. Click to learn more multi-factor authentication for sensitive and critical systems and profiles;  

&nbsp;  

- miniOrange provides 15+ authentication methods and solutions for various use cases. This additional layer prevents unauthorized persons from the resources, even if they know your username and password, thus protecting sensitive and critical information. Click to learn more. privileged and remote access management, which should address:
    - the allocation and restricted use of privileged and remote access, specifying:
        - multi-factor authentication should be used for all remote access;
            - MFA provides an extra layer of security for remote access. MFA for remote access will prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing critical data while also improving the organization’s overall security strategy.multi-factor authentication should be used for privilege access on critical systems based on a risk assessment;  

&nbsp;   


miniOrange provides the facility of multi-factor authentication to be used on privileged access. This secures your repositories, logs, and administrator account by ensuring that only authorized workers have access to your privileged account passwords.


Learn about the latest NYDS Cybersecurity Regulation, how it is achieved within an organization with principles around data security, security policies, and much more.

How does miniOrange help organizations to comply with NYDFS Cyber Security Guidelines?


### Q1. What is the miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution? {# Q1}

**A.** miniOrange has a comprehensive SSO & MFA Solution for the world’s favorite ERP Software – Oracle E-Business Suite. Using miniOrange’s Single Sign-On and Multi Factor-Authentication, you can implement a high quality Identity and Access Management strategy for all your legacy applications.  

miniOrange’s Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution connects to your Oracle E-Business Suite instance and establishes trust with your existing identity source such as Microsoft Active Directory, Azure AD, Microsoft ADFS, Oracle DB, Okta or miniOrange IDP. Having this seamless configuration in place, your users can easily access their Oracle E-Business Suite accounts without having to enter their credentials, as miniOrange picks the relevant attributes from their existing Identity Provider session, to authenticate against the FND_USER table in your Oracle EBS Database.


### Q2.What are the different deployment options for this solution? {# Q2}

**A.** miniOrange’s Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution is available in two different deployment methods:

1. Cloud-Hybrid Model
2. On-Premise Model
3. Both of these deployment options include the complete suite of miniOrange’s features. The following table summarizes a few key offerings :

|Sr. No	| Cloud-Hybrid Model | On-Premise Model |
|-------|--------------------|------------------|
|1      | Supports miniOrange’s effortless “Pay-as-you-go” licensing method. | Supports miniOrange’s Yearly as well as Perpetual licensing methods.|
|2      | Lightweight connector installation, cloud is entirely managed by miniOrange. | Compliance friendly On-premises installation, zero cloud components involved.|
|3      | miniOrange’s Cloud is Load Balanced by default. | High Availability Setup is Supported free of charge.|
|4      | Supports Seamless Sign-On using miniOrange’s Integrated Windows Authentication module. | Supports Seamless Sign-On using miniOrange’s Integrated Windows Authentication module.|
|5      | Can be extended to support any number of Oracle/other applications. | Can be extended to support any number of Oracle/other applications.|
 

All-in-all, both deployment models come with their own set of convincing advantages. Contact us at idpsupport@xecurify.com to help you choose the right deployment model for your organization.  

### Q3. What does the solution architecture look like for both these deployment options? {# Q3}

**A.** miniOrange’s Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution can either be directly installed on the Apps Tier of your Oracle EBS instance, or on its own separate server with miniOrange’s Identity Server. Here’s an architecture diagram for both our deployment options –

#### **1. miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO & MFA – Cloud Hybrid Architecture 1**

![miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO Cloud Hybrid Architecture 1](/blog/assets/2023/cloud-hybrid-architecture-1.webp)  

#### **2. miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO & MFA – Cloud Hybrid Architecture 2**

![miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO Cloud Hybrid Architecture 2](/blog/assets/2023/cloud-hybrid-architecture-2.webp)  

#### **3. miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO & MFA – On-Premise Architecture**

![miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO On-premise Architecture](/blog/assets/2023/on-premise-architecture.webp)  

**Setup steps for miniOrange’s Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution : [Link](https://www.miniorange.in/oracle-ebs-single-sign-on-(sso))**

### Q4. Why should I choose miniOrange’s solution for Oracle EBS? {# Q4}

**A.** miniOrange has been recognized as an Oracle Partner under Oracle’s Global Modernized Oracle Partner Network (OPN) program. You can view our partner status in real time [here](https://partner-finder.oracle.com/catalog/Partner/SCPP-KMJAKXYX#profile-solutions).

miniOrange has also been recognized as a Microsoft Partner under the Microsoft Marketplace Partner program. This professional relationship with Oracle and Microsoft makes miniOrange one of the most sought SSO & MFA products, especially for SSO and MFA into Oracle Applications having users stored in Microsoft Active Directory or Azure Active Directory. This seamless integration on both ends makes miniOrange the undisputed market leader.

Oracle has also shown recognition for miniOrange by accepting the miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution on their Cloud Marketplace. You can view this solution by visiting Oracle’s Cloud Marketplace [here](https://cloudmarketplace.oracle.com/marketplace/en_US/listing/111839538). 

miniOrange is the only Oracle EBS SSO Solution that has ever been accepted on Oracle Cloud Marketplace.

 

### Q5. What will my end user authentication flow look like? {# Q5}

**A.** Here is the end user authentication flow for SSO into Oracle Applications –

- Users will navigate to their bookmarked Oracle application URL (or a custom URL for the authentication method, depending on the application).
- The Oracle application will check if the user is authenticated (or not).
- If the user is authenticated, they will be granted access to the application. If not, they will be redirected to the login screen for your enterprise Identity Management solution; this will be handled by the miniOrange Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution, which communicates with your IdP (Identity Provider) via SAML/OpenID Connect/other SSO protocols.
- Users will enter their credentials at the Identity Provider login screen; the credentials for authentication can be decided by you, depending on which authentication system you’re using (Microsoft Active Directory, Azure AD, ADFS, any other Identity Provider, a third-party application/database like Oracle DB).
- Once they’ve been authenticated, the user will be redirected to the resource that they were initially trying to access.
- Once a user has already authenticated with your Identity Provider for one Oracle application, they won’t need to enter their credentials again for accessing another Oracle application, or any other application which can pick up the existing session of the user in the chosen identity source.###

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;

#### **More Resources:**  

1. [miniOrange’s Complete Suite of Oracle Solutions](https://www.miniorange.in/integrations/oracle-single-sign-on-sso)
2. [Steps to setup SSO into Oracle EBS](https://www.miniorange.in/oracle-ebs-single-sign-on-(sso))
3. [Oracle EBS – miniOrange – Azure AD SSO Blog](https://blog.miniorange.in/oracle-ebs-sso-integration-with-azure-ad/)

Setup SSO into Oracle EBS using miniOrange’s Oracle EBS SSO solution using any Identity Provider of your choice.

Cloud Hybrid & On-Premise Deployment Options for miniOrange’s Oracle EBS SSO & MFA Solution


### What is Password-Based Authentication? {#what-is-password-based-authentication?}

[Password-based Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/passwordless-authentication) is the process of gaining access to resources to which one is entitled with the help of a set of credentials containing a **username and password**. This is a rampantly used method known for process simplicity and low cost.

Although this approach is convenient and widely used, it carries vulnerabilities that can lead to attacks and breaches. Therefore, organizations must **adopt secure authentication** and implement the best password practices to mitigate these risks, as failure can result in financial and reputational harm. In this blog, we'll explore the optimal practices for username and password authentication to **enhance security** for both users and organizations.

### An Overview of Username and Password Authentication {#an-overview-of-username-and-password-authentication}

Username and Password Authentication is one of the most widely used authentication methods in securing user accounts. The system validates the authenticity of the entered credentials against the database values and, upon a successful match, the user is granted access. As we know, this method is straightforward and user-friendly, making it a prevalent choice for securing user interactions with various systems and online services.

Even though its widespread usage doesn't overshadow its vulnerability to numerous security threats, including brute force attacks, phishing scams, and credential-stuffing instances. Given these vulnerabilities, there is a prevailing trend amongst users to create simplistic, easy-to-remember passwords and deploy them across diverse platforms.

**1. Password and Username for registration**
Upon initially logging into a website, or while signing up the users are prompted to enter their username and password for identification purposes. If an account is not already established, users are guided to create one, necessitating the selection of a username and password.

Ideally, users would consistently opt for robust and distinctive usernames and passwords. However, reality often diverges from this ideal scenario, with many individuals opting for simplistic credentials to facilitate easy recall.

**2. Enforcing Strong Password Policies**
From a security perspective, the efficiency of a password increases with its length and complexity.
Therefore it is important to encourage users to adopt good password practices while creating new passwords. A strong password establishes a balance between mandatory minimum requirements and the complexity level, to ensure user-friendly experiences.

To reinforce password strength, consider implementing the following guidelines for your users:

- A minimum length of 8 characters
- Inclusion of at least one uppercase letter
- Inclusion of at least one numeral
- Incorporation of at least one special character

**3. Secure Storage of User Credentials**
After a user selects their username and password and submits it, an appropriate storage location for this information is needed. The first step is to cross-check that the user isn’t already an existing one in the database, after that it is imperative to check that the password is complying with the password guidelines.

Initially, users are validated within the existing database, it is crucial to check if the user isn’t already in the database. Upon assurance of confirmation of users, the password is checked if it meets the predetermined standards and minimum requirements on the server side. However, a crucial step remains the implementation of password hashing.

**4.Implementing Password Hashing**

Password hashing is like turning a password into a secret code or an unrecognizable string of characters. This code, or 'hash', is made using a special computer trick. Before saving any password, it needs to be changed into this secret code. This way, even if someone sees the code, they can’t easily figure out what the original password is. The majority of programming languages support password hashing either inherently or through auxiliary libraries. It is essential to select a secure and proven hashing algorithm for the implementation of password hashing.

**5. Managing Returning Users**

Once a user has completed the registration process, they will likely revisit your site. At this point, you will need to authenticate their identity using the credentials they provided. When they log in, you will need to search your database for the corresponding username, a process typically automated by your server. If a match is found, the hashed password input should align with the one stored in the system.

### How to increase security for password-based authentication? {#how-to-increase-security-for-password-based-authentication}

To enhance the security of password-based authentication systems, it's essential to implement robust password policies and regular updates while integrating additional layers of security. Despite vulnerabilities, traditional username and password methods remain crucial in security infrastructures as a primary layer of defense.
Strengthening password protocols and incorporating frequent modifications are key steps in enhancing security. Moreover, the widespread adoption of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds an extra security layer, thereby reducing dependency on passwords alone and significantly enhancing overall security resilience against unauthorized access and potential breaches.

![User Login](/blog/assets/2024/desktop-login.webp)

**In a scenario when users can’t recall their login details, what should be done?**

Assuming the required username is an email address, you would need to create a password reset link and send it to the user’s email, allowing them to establish a new password. Since you only have access to the user’s hashed password in the database, it’s impossible to retrieve the original password, necessitating the creation of a new one by the user.

### What are Some Challenges of Password-Based Authentication? {#what-are-some-challenges-of-password-based-authentication?}

Password-based authentication, while a prevalent security measure, is riddled with challenges and vulnerabilities, primarily stemming from user behavior and advanced hacking techniques. Below are some of the notable challenges associated with password-based authentication:

**1. Repetitive Use of Passwords Across Platforms**
The prevalent practice of reusing passwords across multiple platforms exposes users to heightened risks. When one system is compromised, it potentially makes all accounts using the same password vulnerable to unauthorized access.

**2. Creation of Weak and Predictable Passwords**
To remember passwords, users end up creating easy-to-remember passwords, which more often than not are weak and predictable, thus inviting security threats. The majority of user-generated passwords lack strength and are susceptible to hacking due to a lack of adherence to security best practices and the subconscious use of patterns.

**3. Risks of Password Sharing**
The intentional or unintentional sharing of passwords compromises the integrity of the security infrastructure, making systems more prone to unauthorized access.

**4. Vulnerability to Phishing Attacks**
Deceptive phishing attacks can trick users into disclosing their passwords, providing attackers with unauthorized access to secured systems.

**5. Susceptibility to Brute Force Attacks**
These attacks, involving automated programs running through every possible password combination to find a match, are a common and effective method used by hackers to gain unauthorized access. The rapid processing of combinations means shorter and common passwords are particularly vulnerable.

**6. Recycling of Passwords and Insecure Storage**
The difficulty in remembering unique, complex passwords for multiple accounts often leads to password recycling. The storage of these passwords in insecure locations like sticky notes or unprotected documents makes them easy targets for theft or loss.

**7. Consequences of Large-Scale Breaches**
The improper storage of user credentials and weak internal passwords can lead to large-scale breaches, affecting businesses and organizations of all sizes. When one service is broken into, it can cause a chain reaction, putting the accounts of employees and regular users in danger.

**8. Damage due to external Breaches**
A breach in the security of one website or service can have ripple effects, compromising the security of other platforms and putting users and their data at risk.

### Addressing the Challenges {#addressing-the-challenges}

Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach, combining robust password policies, user education on password security best practices, and the incorporation of additional security layers like Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to fortify defenses against unauthorized access and potential breaches.

_Best Alternatives of Password-Based Authentication_

The best substitute for Password-based authentication would be a protocol that doesn’t just rely on traditional IDs and passwords for authentication. An alternative to passwords encompasses any authentication protocol that does not require conventional IDs and keys to authorize user access, often leaning on possession or inheritance-based methods instead.

Let us now have a look at a few of the many [Passwordless Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-methods) methods offered by miniOrange

**1. OTP over SMS & Phone call back**
Users can opt for various multi-factor authentication methods. One method is receiving a One-Time Password (OTP) via SMS, wherein a numeric key is sent to the registered mobile number, which needs to be entered as a second factor to gain access. Another method is through an SMS link sent to the registered mobile number, where users can click to accept or deny, with acceptance completing the second-factor authentication challenge. Lastly, users can opt for OTP over a phone call, where a voice call relays a numeric key to be used for completing the second-factor authentication challenge.

**2. Utilizing Third-Party Authenticator Apps**
For enhanced security, users can utilize authenticator apps like Google Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator, or Authy Authenticator as [MFA methods](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa). Each requires the user to scan a QR code to link the account, after which a 6-digit code is generated by the app to complete the MFA challenge and access resources, ensuring a streamlined yet secure access process.

**3. Secure Access with miniOrange Authenticator**
Using miniOrange Authenticator, users have several MFA options. They can use a soft token method, entering a 6-8 digit key from the app to gain secure access. Alternatively, users can enable push notifications as MFA, receiving and accepting notifications on the miniOrange app to complete the second-factor challenge. Lastly, QR code authentication allows users to scan a barcode using the app to link their account and authenticate the MFA challenge seamlessly.

**4. OTP over SMS & E-mail**
With OTP Over Email, users receive a one-time password (OTP) over email, which is sent to their registered email address. Whenever a login attempt is made the server will automatically send a One-Time Password (OTP) to the user's registered email address as an added security measure.
Alternatively, the Email Link method sends users an email containing a link to accept or deny transactions, with acceptance completing authentication. Additionally, users can opt for OTP Over SMS where they again, receive a one-time OTP to their registered mobile number to authenticate themselves.

You can implement any of these solutions with the miniOrange [Multifactor-Authentication method](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-methods#request-demo) in addition, they can all be used along with password-based authentication.

### FAQs {#faqs}

**1. How does authentication ensure that the username and password are correct?**
_Ans_ - Authentication verifies the correctness of the username and password by matching the entered credentials with the stored values in the system.

**2. What are the 3-factor authentication for username and password?**
_Ans_ - The 3-factor authentication involves something you know (password), something you have ( smart card or phone), and something you are (biometric method).

**3. What is the strongest authentication factor?**
_Ans_ - Biometric authentication is generally considered the strongest authentication factor as it is based on unique attributes.


In password-based authentication, a users identity is verified by entering their username and password.

Password-Based Authentication and Best Practices

Discover how to boost password security with password managers and SSO solutions. Learn about the miniOrange password manager and SSO.

How to Secure Multiple Passwords with Password Manager and SSO?


### Introduction {#introduction}

In an era where cybersecurity threats are constantly evolving, traditional methods of authentication have become increasingly vulnerable. Passwords, once considered a stronghold of security, are now often the weakest link in the chain. That's where Passwordless [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) steps in as a game-changer. In this blog, we will explore the concept of Passwordless MFA, its advantages, how it works, common methods, implementation, and the overarching benefits it offers in terms of secure login solutions.


### Passwordless MFA and Its Benefits {#passwordless-mfa-and-its-benefits}

Passwordless MFA is a cutting-edge approach to user authentication that eliminates the need for conventional passwords and enhances security through a combination of multiple factors. Here are some key benefits:

**1. Enhanced Security:**

Passwords have long been susceptible to breaches through techniques like phishing, brute force attacks, and credential stuffing. Passwordless MFA replaces this vulnerable element with robust authentication factors like  OTP over SMS, TOTP tokens, OTP over Email, hardware tokens etc. This shift vastly improves security, making it exceedingly difficult for unauthorized individuals to gain access.

**2. User Convenience:**

Traditional password systems burden users with the challenge of creating and remembering complex strings of characters. Passwordless MFA enables users to effortlessly authenticate themselves using authenticator apps, soft tokens, push notifications, or QR codes. This translates to a more user-friendly experience, reducing the frustration associated with forgotten passwords and frequent resets.

**3. Reduced Friction:**

Passwordless MFA streamlines the authentication process. Users no longer need to type in lengthy passwords take the hassle of remembering their passwords or keep updating them in fixed intervals.
With the simple login link or password key, users gain rapid access to their accounts or systems. This reduction in friction not only saves time but also contributes to a more efficient and productive user experience.

**4. Enhanced Phishing Protection:**

Passwordless MFA significantly bolsters defenses against phishing attacks. Even if a user's password is compromised, it becomes useless without the additional authentication factor. Attackers find it exceedingly challenging to replicate biometric data or gain access to a user's trusted device, adding an extra layer of protection against fraudulent login attempts.

**5. Adaptive Security:**

Some Passwordless MFA systems incorporate adaptive security measures. These systems continuously assess the user's behavior and risk factors to adjust security protocols accordingly. For example, if an unusual login attempt is detected, the system may prompt for additional authentication factors to ensure the legitimacy of the user.

**6. Compliance and Regulatory Alignment:**

Many industries and regions have stringent data security and privacy regulations. Passwordless MFA aligns with these requirements, making it easier for organizations to maintain compliance. By adopting strong authentication methods, businesses can demonstrate their commitment to safeguarding sensitive data, which is critical in today's regulatory landscape.

### How Passwordless MFA Works {#how-passwordless-mfa-works}

Passwordless MFA typically involves two or more of the following authentication factors:

- **Something You Have**: This could be a device, smart card, or token.
- **Something You Are**: This encompasses biometric data such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or retinal scans.
- **Something You Know**: While the goal is to eliminate passwords, some methods may still include a PIN or passphrase as an additional layer of security.

The combination of these factors ensures that only authorized individuals gain access.


### Common Passwordless MFA Methods {#common-passwordless-mfa-methods}

miniOrange implements several Passwordless MFA:

**1. SMS Authentication (MFA) and Phone Authentication Methods**

Get an SMS on your mobile device containing the information required to validate yourself for the second factor. This method is not only convenient but also enhances security, as it ensures that you have access to your registered mobile phone during the login process.

**2. Multi-Factor Authentication Google and Microsoft Authenticator Method**

With this approach, you can leverage external authentication apps such as Google Authenticator or Microsoft Authenticator to receive a Time-based OTP Token (TOTP) for secure login. These apps generate unique, time-sensitive codes, adding an extra layer of security to your login process.

**3. Multi-Factor Authentication miniOrange Authenticator**

miniOrange offers its own authenticator, providing versatility in how you receive your login information. You can obtain a soft token, receive a push notification, or scan a QR code, giving you options that cater to your preferences and security needs.

**4. Multi-Factor Authentication Email Verification Methods**

The email Verification method allows you to receive your login information, including login links and password keys, directly from your registered email address. This method ensures that only individuals with access to the associated email account can complete the login process, adding an extra layer of security and convenience.

**5. MFA Methods Hardware Token Verification**

For those seeking physical security, miniOrange provides Hardware Token Verification. You can insert a physical USB token into your computer, which generates the required information needed to gain access. This method is highly secure and immune to online attacks, making it an excellent choice for organizations prioritizing physical security.

**6. Multi-Factor Authentication Security Questions Method**

The Security Questions method offers a knowledge-based approach to authentication. You answer a set of security questions that are unique to you, ensuring that only you can authenticate yourself. This method adds an additional layer of security by verifying your identity through personal information that is difficult for others to access or guess.

These MFA methods by miniOrange provide a comprehensive range of options, allowing you to choose the one that best suits your security requirements and preferences. Whether you prefer the convenience of mobile authentication, the security of hardware tokens, or the familiarity of security questions, miniOrange has you covered with robust and versatile authentication solutions.

###  Implementing Passwordless MFA {#implementing-passwordless-mfa}

Implementing Passwordless MFA involves the following steps:

- Assessment: Evaluate your organization's security needs and choose the most suitable method(s) for your environment.
- Deployment: Integrate the chosen authentication method(s) into your systems and applications.
- User Enrollment: Ensure that users are enrolled in the Passwordless MFA system and understand how to use it.
- Monitoring and Maintenance: Regularly monitor the system for security breaches and update the technology as needed.

Compliance: Many regulatory standards, such as GDPR and HIPAA, encourage or require strong authentication methods, making Passwordless MFA a valuable compliance tool.


### Conclusion {#conclusion}

Passwordless Multi-Factor Authentication represents a significant step forward in securing digital identities and sensitive data. By leveraging a combination of factors like biometrics and trusted devices, Passwordless MFA enhances security while simplifying the user experience. Organizations that prioritize cybersecurity and user convenience should consider implementing Passwordless MFA as part of their overall security strategy. Embracing this technology can lead to safer, more efficient, and cost-effective authentication processes in today's digital landscape

**About miniorange**

miniOrange offers passwordless [multiple authentication mechanisms](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)), such as one-time passcodes sent via SMS and email, Push Notification, Biometrics, and others, which are supported by passwordless security.
The end-user experience should be the primary consideration when choosing a dedicated authentication factor. If your users utilize mobile devices on a regular basis, techniques like OTP over SMS or Link Based Authentication, will be handier.
If your users, on the other hand, use corporate applications with on-premise support, email is the ideal option. The most preferred is OTP over SMS, it is considered to be the best passwordless way to adopt because it will provide end-users with a predictable and consistent approach to traditional authentication.

### FAQs {#faqs}

- **Why you should go passwordless?** :-
Opting for passwordless authentication entirely eliminates password-related security issues. When there are no passwords the threat of weak or stolen credentials is no more a matter of concern. 
- **Is passwordless authentication safe?** :-
Passwordless authentication is the most efficient way of eliminating weak password management practices and thus also removing any kind of credential theft attacks. and so instead of manually entering passwords an alternate way of identity verification is used such as hardware tokens, fingerprints, and face or retina scans. 
- **What is the strongest authentication method?** :-
One of the most unique and strongest authentication methods is biometric authentication. since this is based on unique biological traits of a person such as a retina scan, fingerprints, etc. This is considered the safest authentication method. 
- **Why is passwordless authentication better?** :-
Passwordless authentication can effectively suppress data and identity theft issues because of unauthorized access caused due to stolen or weak login credentials. 
- **MFA vs Passwordless Authentication** :-
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) utilizes more than one authentication factor to verify the identity of a user. There can be a range of factors, such as a PIN, password, retina scan, face recognition, fingerprint, or any smart device. Simply put multi-factor authentication utilizes multiple authentication factors to verify a user, before granting them access to applications and resources. 
*Passwordless Authentication:*
In Passwordless authentication, a user’s identity is verified by the system without asking them to log in through the password. Here, passwords are simply replaced with other suitable authentication methods. In this there can be either single-factor passwordless authentication or passwordless MFA. 


Passwordless MFA basically replaces passwords with a more suitable authentication factor, it uses more than one authentication factor to verify a users identity. 

Passwordless MFA and Secure Login Solutions


## RADIUS Vs. TACACS+: What Enterprise Network Users Need to Know? {#RADIUS Vs. TACACS+: What Enterprise Network Users Need to Know?}

In the corporate world, enterprise networks form the backbone of organizations, facilitating seamless communication and data exchange. Modern businesses are often required to employ various **Authentication, Authorization & Accounting (AAA) protocols** to ensure the security and efficiency of their network infrastructure and devices like routers, switches, firewalls, Wi-Fi, VPNs, etc. 

**RADIUS and TACACS+** are popular AAA protocols facilitating AAA services, and each has unique advantages and disadvantages over the other. This blog aims to shed light on these two protocols, highlighting their features, strengths, and differences to help enterprise network users make informed decisions about their network security and network access control needs.

### Understanding AAA protocols {#Understanding AAA protocols}

The AAA protocols are the secret sauce that elevates your enterprise network security. It's like having a well-trained bouncer, an access control tailor, and a savvy detective rolled into one. Your network stays locked down, efficient, and audit-ready at all times. AAA or Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting is the ultimate trifecta that keeps your network safe, efficient, and in control while empowering your enterprise network to thrive with confidence!

### Understanding RADIUS {#Understanding RADIUS}

**RADIUS protocol (also known as Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)** is a widely adopted networking protocol primarily used for user authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA). It was originally designed for dial-up connections but has evolved to cater to modern network environments. 

&nbsp;  

#### **How Does RADIUS Work?**

RADIUS operates in a client-server model, where the client (often a network access server) sends authentication requests to the RADIUS server, which then verifies user credentials and grants or denies access accordingly.  

&nbsp;  

#### **Key Features of RADIUS:**

1. **User Authentication:** RADIUS verifies the identity of users attempting to access the network by cross-referencing credentials against a centralized user database.

2. **Authorization:** Once a user is authenticated, RADIUS determines the level of access they are granted based on predefined policies and permissions.

3. **Accounting:** RADIUS logs network access-related information, such as login time, data usage, and session duration, for auditing and billing purposes.

4. **Scalability:** RADIUS has the capability to support a larger volume of users and network access devices, making it suitable for enterprise-level networks.  


### Understanding TACACS+ {#Understanding TACACS+}

**Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus or TACACS+ protocol** is another authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) protocol, similar to RADIUS. It was developed as an improvement over the older TACACS protocol to address its limitations. 

The TACACS+ protocol provides separate authentication and authorization, which adds an extra layer of security compared to RADIUS. Like RADIUS, TACACS+ also operates in a client-server architecture.  

&nbsp;  

#### **Key Features of TACACS+:**

1. **Separation of Authentication and Authorization:** TACACS+ separates the authentication process from the authorization process, providing more granular network access control.

2. **Command-Level Authorization:** With TACACS+, administrators can control which commands a user is allowed to execute on a network device, enhancing security.

3. **Encryption:** TACACS+ encrypts the entire communication between the client and the server, making it more secure compared to the shared-secret encryption of RADIUS.

4. **Flexibility:** TACACS+ allows customization of authentication and authorization methods, providing greater flexibility to suit specific network security requirements.  


### RADIUS and TACACS+: Similarities {#RADIUS and TACACS+: Similarities}

RADIUS and TACACS+, although distinct protocols in their implementations, serve a common mission of fortifying your enterprise networks against unauthorized access and safeguarding your organization’s sensitive data & resources. As we delve into the similarities between these AAA protocols, you will gain a clearer appreciation for the fundamental principles that have made RADIUS and TACACS+ the pillars of network security. So, let's explore the convergence of these authentication powerhouses and their roles in enhancing the digital fortress of modern-day enterprises.  

&nbsp;  


| **Similarity Factors** | **RADIUS & TACACS+ Similarity** |
| :--------------------- |:--------------------------------|
| Purpose                | RADIUS and TACACS+ are both used to provide authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services in network environments. |
| Client-Server Architecture | A client-server architecture is followed by both RADIUS and TACACS+, where the client (network device or user) initiates a connection request, and the server (authentication server) validates and processes the request. |
| Centralized Authentication | RADIUS and TACACS+ promote centralized authentication, which simplifies user management and streamlines the process of adding or revoking user access. |
| Industry Acceptance        | Both RADIUS and TACACS+ have been widely adopted and are considered industry standards for AAA services in many organizations.|
| Use in Network Devices     | Both protocols are supported by various network devices, such as routers, switches, VPN gateways, and wireless access points. |
| Extensible Authentication  | RADIUS and TACACS+ allow extensible authentication methods beyond the standard username & password based login. Both facilitate integration with Multi-Factor Authentication, Certificate-Based Authentication, and other methods. |
 
**Note:** With the miniOrange AAA services supporting RADIUS & TACACS+ protocols, you can also enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Adaptive MFA to advance the security posture of your enterprise networks. miniOrange provides 15+ MFA methods to choose from.

### RADIUS Vs. TACACS+: Key Differences {#RADIUS Vs. TACACS+: Key Differences}

While both RADIUS and TACACS+ share some common ground, they also exhibit significant differences in their design, capabilities, and areas of application. Understanding these key distinctions is essential for enterprise network administrators seeking to make informed decisions about which protocol best suits their organization's specific security and authentication requirements. Let's explore the notable disparities between RADIUS and TACACS+.

### Advantages of TACACS+ over RADIUS {#Advantages of TACACS+ over RADIUS}

1. **Granular Access Control:** By allowing fine-tuned access policies based on user roles or groups, TACACS+ provides better network access control than RADIUS protocol.

2. **Robust Packet Encryption:** TACACS+ ensures secure data transmission with strong packet encryption, protecting sensitive information beside passwords.

3. **TCP Reliability:** Since TCP is primarily used, TACACS+ can facilitate reliable data communication, ensuring orderly transmission between client and server.

4. **Extensive Packet Structure:** TACACS+ accommodates additional attributes, offering more flexibility in communication.

5. **Tailored Router Management:** TACACS+ excels in router management, providing better control over device configurations.

6. **Enhanced Cisco Interoperability:** TACACS+ integrates seamlessly with Cisco devices, making it an ideal choice for Cisco-centric environments.


### Advantages of RADIUS over TACACS+ {#Advantages of RADIUS over TACACS+}

1. **Simplicity and Wide Support:** RADIUS is simpler to implement and widely supported across various network devices, making it easier to integrate into diverse environments.

2. **Authentication-Focused:** Authentication capabilities are very strong in RADIUS, and it is known for efficiently verifying user credentials for enterprise network access.

3. **UDP Efficiency:** Compared to TACACS+ which uses TCP protocol, RADIUS offers faster communication and lower overheads using UDP for data transmission.

4. **Compact Packet Structure:** The compact packet structure used in RADIUS protocols results in smaller packet sizes and efficient bandwidth utilization.

5. **Industry Standard:** With mature implementations and widespread adoption, RADIUS has been a long-standing industry standard.
 
6. **Interoperability:** RADIUS exhibits high interoperability, allowing seamless integration with various networking vendors and equipment.


### Secure Your Network Access with miniOrange {#Secure Your Network Access with miniOrange}

This blog gave you an idea of how to decide which protocol is more suitable for your enterprise networks, now it is time to select the right solution for your organization. You can secure your enterprise networks with **miniOrange AAA solutions supporting both TACACS+ and RADIUS protocols** and also other known protocols as well. Secure all your network devices like routers, switches, firewalls, Wi-Fi, and VPNs of different vendors like Cisco, Juniper, Fortinet, and many more with a single solution. Further, you can add an extra layer of security by enabling MFA or Multi-Factor Authentication on your enterprise network access with the miniOrange MFA solution, which supports all VPNs and network devices. 

**To know more about AAA Services & MFA, visit our website: [miniorange.in](https://www.miniorange.in/)**

**Start your [30-day full feature free trial](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/free-trial) with POC** 








If you as an Enterprise Network User are confused between choosing RADIUS Vs. TACACS+ for Network Security, then this blog will help you make a firm decision.

RADIUS Vs. TACACS+: What to Choose For Enterprise Networks?


Nowadays ensuring that Information Technology (IT) systems operate smoothly is critical in the complex web of contemporary securities trading. The threat of IT system breakdowns is causing anxiety for investors and securities firms. These errors can lead to a series of problems, including trading disruptions, data breaches, and significant financial losses.

### Understanding the Importance of Information Security in Securities Companies {#understanding-the-importance-of-information-security-in-securities-companies}

Information security plays a crucial role in the operations of securities companies. Cyber threats are on the rise. Protecting sensitive data and ensuring the safety of IT systems is important. This is necessary to maintain trust and compliance in the industry. 
The securities industry deals with vast amounts of confidential information, including clients' personal and financial data. A cybersecurity breach can lead to financial losses and harm a company's reputation. 
It’s important to have strong data protection measures to reduce risks from cyber attacks. Securities firms must invest in advanced security technologies, regularly assess their security, and continuously train employees to be aware of potential threats. 
By prioritizing information security, securities companies can demonstrate their commitment to protecting client assets and maintaining a secure environment for conducting financial transactions. Data breaches are happening more often. Businesses in the securities industry must protect sensitive information to stay safe and secure.

### Regulatory Requirements and Compliance {#regulatory-requirements-and-compliance}

1. Exploring Clause 10, Article 89 of the Securities Law 2019:
Article 89 of the Securities Law 2019 is important for regulating securities companies. It focuses on the importance of protecting IT systems and backup databases. Regulatory authorities recognize the importance of strong cybersecurity measures in protecting market integrity and investor interests.
2. Delving into Specific Provisions by the State Securities Commission:
The State Securities Commission creates rules for IT system security and continuity. These rules improve the requirements in Article 89 of the Securities Law 2019. The rules involve regular checks, risk evaluations, and plans to prevent problems and interruptions. The Commission wants securities companies to follow strict cybersecurity rules to ensure a safe financial system.

### Mitigating Risks and Ensuring Compliance {#mitigating-risks-and-ensuring-compliance}

1. Enhancing IT Infrastructure Safety and Resilience:
Securities companies must follow best practices and guidelines to strengthen their IT infrastructure. This includes implementing robust cybersecurity measures such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems. You should apply regular software updates and patches to address known vulnerabilities. Additionally, employee training programs on cybersecurity awareness can help mitigate human errors and prevent security breaches.
2. Mitigating Vulnerabilities through Audits and Risk Assessments:
Conducting regular audits and risk assessments is paramount for identifying and mitigating potential vulnerabilities in IT systems. These assessments should encompass thorough evaluations of network security, data protection measures, and access controls.
Testing backup systems with simulated scenarios ensures they can restore operations after a disruption or data loss. This enables organizations to prepare for any potential issues that may arise. It also allows them to identify and address any weaknesses in their backup systems. Ultimately, this proactive approach can minimize downtime and protect critical data.
3. Fostering Collaboration with Regulatory Authorities:
Collaboration between securities companies and regulatory authorities is essential in addressing IT security challenges. Regulatory authorities can provide guidance, updates on emerging threats, and regulatory requirements to enhance cybersecurity practices. Moreover, participating in industry-wide initiatives and information-sharing forums enables securities companies to stay abreast of evolving cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies.

### Best Practices for Ensuring Safe Operations of IT Systems and Backup Databases in Securities Companies {#best-practices-for-ensuring-safe-operations-of-it-systems-and-backup-databases-in-securities-companies}

Ensuring the safety and security of IT systems and backup databases is crucial for securities companies to protect sensitive data and maintain operational efficiency. Companies can reduce risks and protect their operations by using strong security measures and effective backup procedures.


Implementing robust security protocols is vital for protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access or cyber threats. Securities companies should enforce strong password policies, use encryption technologies to secure data transmissions, and regularly audit their systems for potential vulnerabilities. Employee training on cybersecurity best practices can also help strengthen the overall security posture of the organization.


Regularly maintaining IT systems is important to keep them updated with the latest security patches and software updates. This helps address vulnerabilities that cyber threats could exploit. Having a clear plan for backing up your database is important. This way, you can quickly recover if you lose data or experience system failures.


Implementing Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before accessing sensitive information. Single Sign-On (SSO) allows users to log in once to access multiple applications, reducing password-related risks. This means that users only need to remember one set of login credentials.
By using SSO, users can save time and effort by not having to log in separately to each application. Additionally, SSO enhances security by reducing the number of passwords that users need to manage.

Identity & Access Management (IAM) tools help companies manage user permissions effectively, ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to specific resources. Securities companies can prevent unauthorized access and potential data breaches by enforcing strict access controls and monitoring user activities.

Important for securities firms to follow best practices to operate securely in the digital age. To stay secure, make sure to update IT systems, use strong security measures like MFA and SSO, and use IAM tools. Prioritizing cybersecurity measures not only protects valuable assets but also instills trust among clients and stakeholders in the company's commitment to data protection.

### miniOrange MFA: Enhancing Identity Security with Ease {#miniorange-mfa-enhancing-identity-security-with-ease}


miniOrange MFA offers a comprehensive solution for enhancing identity security with ease. miniOrange is a reliable ally in the fight against cyber threats. They focus on protecting against identity theft by offering easy implementation, a seamless user experience, and ensuring user identity security.

MiniOrange MFA helps organizations and users stay safe in the digital world. It provides trusted security to protect identities and data. This security provider ensures safe navigation online



Understand the regulatory requirements of Article 89 and its critical role in safeguarding IT systems and backup databases in securities companies.

Regulatory Compliance and IT Security in Companies: Understanding Article 89 of the Securities Law 2019


The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) issued the Essential Eight Maturity Model, which is a <b>mandatory compliance for all Australian organizations</b>. The fifth security control among the Essential 8 Security Controls, "[Restrict Administrative Privileges](https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/maintaining-devices-and-systems/system-hardening-and-administration/system-administration/restricting-administrative-privileges)", stands out as an important mitigation strategy. In the Essential Eight Maturity Model, reaching **Level 3 Maturity** necessitates placing this strategy into practice. Your organization could achieve this maturity level and enhance its overall security posture with a robust [Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution](https://www.miniorange.in/products/privileged-access-management-pam). This also brings your enterprise in accordance with cutting-edge operational efficiency and compliance standards.

## What are the Essential Eight Mitigation Strategies? {#what-are-the-essential-eight-mitigation-strategies}

There are **8 mitigation strategies** mandated by the Essential Eight compliance. Each strategy plays a significant role in preventing cyberattacks and upgrading the organizational defenses against potential attackers. Let’s take a look into each of the security controls and how they help in bolstering the security of your enterprise:



1. **Application Control**: The purpose of the Essential 8 application control strategy is to prevent harmful or unauthorized apps from operating on the corporate network and to enable only trustworthy and whitelisted apps to function. 
2. **Patch Applications**: Ensuring efficient control and rapid mitigation of risks necessitates organizations to promptly implement software patches, run vulnerability scans, allocate workforce, analyze data, and implement appropriate measures.
3. **Restrict Microsoft Office Macros**: Your organizations must eliminate unnecessary macros, restrict macro settings in Microsoft Office, and verify digital signatures before using them in order to avoid harmful macros harboring malicious code for cyber invasion. 
4. **Application Hardening**: This control includes measures restricting user applications from frequently interacting with unnecessary web-based content, such as blocking Flash and pop-ups in browsers and JavaScript on specific websites.
5. **Restrict Administrative Privileges**: To stop attackers from escalating crucial operations and blocking important security settings and controls, ACSC advises defining privileged tasks, establishing separate privileged user accounts, and limiting admin access.
6. **Patch Operating Systems**: Like patching apps, patching OS systems involves ensuring the patch is necessary and safe. Patches require regular checking for updates, analyzing vulnerabilities, and monitoring data in order to prompt swift action. 
7. **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**: In addition to conventional security measures, ACSC advocates the subsequent further steps of implementing MFA or Multi-Factor Authentication. It acts as an added layer of security that prevents unauthorized access to corporate networks, systems, and applications.
8. **Daily Backups**: It is critical for your organization to safeguard its digital assets & prevent data loss with regular, secure backups, ensuring critical information remains recoverable in the event of any cyber invasion. 

## Restricting Administrative Privileges to Level Up the Essential Eight Maturity Model {#restricting-administrative-pPrivileges-to-level-up-the-essential-eight-maturity-model}

ACSC's Essential Eight Maturity Model is categorized into **four maturity levels (0 to 3)**, each representing a higher level of security and resilience. Understanding these maturity levels can help your organization improve cybersecurity practices, enhancing overall security posture. 



The **Essential Eight Compliance (maturity level 2)** is a mandatory requirement for all Australian non-corporate Commonwealth entities (NCCEs) subject to the Public Governance, Performance, and Accountability Act 2013 ([PGPA Act](https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2013A00123/latest/versions)). Essential Eight Maturity Levels 1, 2, and 3 should be examined first in order to ensure a holistic approach. 

Your organization needs to develop a privileged access management strategy that should include **restricting System Administrator Privileges, removing Local Admin Privileges, and protecting Privileged User Accounts**. Let us understand how to implement privileged access management strategy in different maturity levels:



### Maturity Level 0 & 1


In the Maturity Level 0, all eight of the Essential Eight Security Controls are not put into practice. Hence, the organization is vulnerable to common cyber threats and potential attacks. Whereas in the Maturity Level 1, although the Essential Eight mitigation strategies have been applied at a basic level, but there is still room for improvement as these security controls might not be fully optimized or cover all systems.

To ensure the least privilege and appropriate role groups, maturity level one organizations need to adopt a request validation policy for [privilege delegation](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm). Using an Application Control system, they can restrict admin accounts from connecting to internet services like email and web services. Admins will be provided with separate accounts in a dedicated environment while prohibiting basic user accounts. Also, admin accounts will not be able to access regular workstations.

### Maturity Level 2

In addition to implementing all eight controls into practice, they are also customized according to the corporate environment in the Maturity Level 2. This entails more extensive system coverage, regular upgrades and evaluations, and more defensive layers. This is a mandatory level that all Australian organizations are required to achieve.

Maturity Level two organizations can effectively reduce privilege by revalidating issued privileges on a regular schedule, monitoring dormant accounts, and scrutinizing accounts that have been inactive for more than 45 days. A dedicated privileged environment is required to host admin operating environments, and each account is identified with unique credentials. To implement this seamlessly, an [Agentless PAM solution](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/agentless-pam) can be helpful because it nullifies the need to deploy PAM agents at [endpoints](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/endpoint-privilege-manager). Logging policies are set up to log privileged credentials and changes made to privileged groups and roles for Microsoft 365 and on-premises domains. Protecting credentials of privilege accounts by storing them in a secure [Password Vault](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/password-vault) is advisable. 

### Maturity Level 3

At this final level, the cybersecurity posture is strong and sophisticated. The systems and processes incorporate all eight approaches, which are updated often, continuously monitored, and equipped with adaptable defenses against changing threats.

Organizations at this Level are required to audit administrative rights on a regular basis to ensure that the privileges are appropriate for any individual or service function and are not over-scoped. They would need to stop privileged accounts from using online services, email, and the internet. It is essential to have a [Just-in-Time Privileged Access](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) system, in which individuals must log in and out of privileges as required. It is important to monitor indications of compromise and take appropriate action when needed to log privileged user accounts and groups. A central configuration policy and [SIEM system](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/siem-integration) are essential as well.

![Maturity Models](/blog/assets/2024/maturity-models.webp)

## 5th Mitigation Strategy (Restrict Administrative Privileges) in a Nutshell {#5th-mitigation-strategy-restrict-administrative-privileges-in-a-nutshell}


"**Restrict Administrative Privileges**," the fifth mitigation approach in the ACSC’s Essential Eight framework, is aimed at regulating and managing privileged admin access permissions within an organization's computer networks. This strategy is essential because compromised or misused administrator rights can result in catastrophic security breaches. Here's a quick overview of this technique:

### Identity Governance

This is focused on limiting admin access and admin or privileged account controls. Limiting user access and admin access aligns with the core principles of identity governance, ensuring that access rights are closely aligned with the individual's role within the organization. Privileged account controls involve creating a clear distinction between normal user accounts and those with administrative privileges. This ensures that users have access only to the necessary resources.

### Least Privilege

The principle of Least Privilege ensures that admins should receive only the required rights to carry out their responsibilities; wide or excessive privileges should not be granted. This method is crucial for maintaining a safe and regulated IT environment, where access is restricted to that which is absolutely required. Least Privilege is also essential for implementing a [Zero Trust environment](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/zero-trust-security-model/) for organizations. 

### Account Restrictions

Account Restrictions focus on Privilege Escalation Control, which means, putting in place security measures that restrict or limit the ability of attackers to obtain higher-level privileges. This entails taking steps to prevent malware from acquiring admin privileges, while monitoring any behaviors that could indicate an attempt to escalate privileges.

### Administrative Devices

Admin devices and accounts should be secured with robust authentication mechanisms like [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/why-your-business-needs-multifactor-authentication-mfa/). This security measure is essential for lowering the possibility of compromised admin accounts and crucial for effective admin device management.

### Logging and Monitoring

This implies routinely reviewing and auditing the usage of administrator privileges, as well as maintaining **surveillance on privileged accounts** in order to detect any suspicious activity. Timely identification and response to threats depend primarily on efficient logging and monitoring.

### How Can miniOrange PAM Solution Help You? {#how-can-miniorange-pam-solution-help-you}

The miniOrange Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution provides holistic tools to manage, monitor, and audit every privileged session. Here is an overview of how **miniOrange PAM** can help you establish, secure, and manage Administrative Privileges within your organizational environment.

### Allow, Restrict & Manage Applications

You can easily implement *Application Control* by assigning Just-in-Time privileges only to approved applications, scripts, tasks, and commands across both endpoints and servers. Enforce allow listing, block listing, greylisting, and more, implementing a pragmatic approach to application control.

### Fortify User Applications

The miniOrange PAM helps you implement **User Application Hardening** by blocking the execution of child processes, code injection into other processes, and the creation of executable content. The solution also includes the ability to implement effective whitelisting, greylisting, and blacklisting, where unknown applications can be prohibited from executing, significantly reducing the endpoint attack vector.


### Redefine Administrative Privileges

You can effectively limit privileged access to operating systems and applications based on user duties using the concept of least privilege while regularly revalidating the need for privileges. The miniOrange PAM solution enables you to remove local admin rights from day one, without impacting user productivity. In addition, get secure access control, auditing, alerting, and recording of any privileged account.

miniOrange provides a centralized solution that includes [IAM (Identity & Access Management) & PAM (Privileged Access Management)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/iam-vs-pam/) functionalities and can effectively help you implement the Essential Eight Security Controls and level up the Maturity Model. 

Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution can help organizations to implement the "Restrict Administrative Privileges" to level up in the Essential 8 Maturity model.

Restrict Administrative Privileges For ACSC Essential Eight Maturity Model


### Why is Thinkific popular among users? {#why-is-thinkific-popular-among-users?}
Thinkific provides a platform that allows businesses or people to create and deliver online courses without any design or technical expertise. It allows its users to use their existing resources to set up online courses using an easy-to-use interface. Thinkific offers tools for setting up courses, managing students, payments, and marketing to reach a bigger audience. It’s a one-stop-shop for all your Online Course needs.  

Typical customers of Thinkific are Freelancers, Small businesses, Mid-size businesses, and large enterprises and to provide them with more exclusive and various features- Thinkific provides [3rd party applications](https://apps.thinkific.com/) which can be configured and installed to your Thinkific Website to deliver the best experience for students and online education.  

Not providing an interface to use existing user sessions or credentials leads to a bad user experience as users have to remember and enter credentials each time they want to access their applications, this is where [SSO for Education](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/identity-management-for-k12) comes into the picture. [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/thinkific-jwt-single-signon(sso)-solution) is an authentication service that allows a user to access multiple applications (such as [Microsoft Apps](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/microsoft-365-sso), [Google Apps](https://www.miniorange.in/google-apps-single-sign-on-(sso)), [Oracle EBS](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/oracle-single-sign-on-sso), and many more)  using a single set of credentials. This prevents the need for the user to log in separately into the different applications. Using SSO the end user only has to remember one set of credentials to access all the applications. Users can be anywhere, in miniOrange, any external IDPs ( such as Azure AD, Okta, etc ), or in any user directory such as AD, LDAP, etc and they don’t have to migrate their credentials.  

In addition to [SSO](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-single-sign-on-sso/), users will have one-click access to all their apps and will never be locked out by mistake. On top of SSO, [Two-Factor authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)) makes it easier for users and organizations to safeguard and prevent security breaches as it adds an extra layer of security to their applications.

![Thinkific Single Sign-On SSO](/blog/assets/2023/thinkific-sso.webp)

### Challenges faced by Thinkific Users {#challenges-faced-by-thinkific-users}
Since the internet has become a crucial part of schools and educational institutes, it is now a challenge for these institutes to manage logins for such a large number of users, whether it be Thinkific or any other online platform.  

Schools or colleges usually have an existing application/site where student credentials are already stored. Now to log into Thinkific or any other online app, students want seamless access to their app portal through their existing accounts. Students do not wish to have a separate set of credentials for logging into Thinkific.  

Now to overcome this problem, Thinkific allows its users to use their existing credentials to log in to their Thinkific platform using JWT (JSON Web Token). An interface needs to be created by administrators to generate that JWT token and log the users into Thinkific using their existing credentials. Administrators don’t always have the control or the resources to generate such an interface.

![Thinkific SSO Authentication](/blog/assets/2023/thinkific-sso-authentication.webp)

### miniOrange Single Sign-On (SSO) Solution for Thinkific- What can it do for you? {#mini0range-single-sign-On-sso-solution-for-thinkific}
miniOrange helps you simplify everyday teaching and learning experience for students, teachers, and staff by providing you a seamless Single Sign-On (SSO) solution for apps like Thinkific.  

To streamline [Thinkific SSO integration](https://www.miniorange.in/thinkific-jwt-single-signon(sso)-solution), miniOrange has a ready-made solution that users can use to authenticate themselves using their existing credentials and log into Thinkific. Users just have to click on a link and based on the Identity Provider or User stored configured in miniOrange are redirected to the appropriate login page / Identity Provider for authentication. After successful authentication, [miniOrange](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/) constructs the necessary token and automatically redirects the user to Thinkific.  

Thinkific deconstructs this payload and either finds the user and signs them in, or if they don’t already have an account on your Thinkific site, creates an account and signs them in. Using Single Sign-On (SSO) for Thinkific or any education platform will allow students, teachers, and administrators to instantly log in to these resources, with just a single login to the dashboard.

![Thinkific Single Sign-On SSO Flow](/blog/assets/2023/thinkific-sso-flow.webp)

 
If you are using multiple on-premise and cloud-based apps, miniOrange provides a single sign-on platform with many [supported integrations](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/) for a simple and secure way for your students to sign in.


### Here are some Popular Integrations with Thinkific {#here-are-some-popular-integrations-with-thinkific}

**Azure AD Integration with Thinkific**  
If you are looking to connect AzureAD with Thinkific then you just have to configure miniOrange as a client in AzureAD and connect miniOrange with Thinkific. You can check the following documents to get started: [Login Using Azure AD](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/login-with-external-idp/configure-azure-ad-sso)  

**Okta Integration with Thinkific**  
If you are looking to connect Okta with Thinkific then you just have to configure miniOrange as a client in Okta and connect miniOrange with Thinkific. You can check the following documents to get started: [Login Using Okta](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/login-with-external-idp/configure-okta-sso)

**LDAP / Active Directory with Thinkific**  
If you are looking to connect LDAP / AD with Thinkific then you just have to configure your Active Directory as a User Store in miniOrange and connect miniOrange with Thinkific. You can check the following documents to get started: [Directory Services](https://www.miniorange.in/products/directory-services)

 

### Benefits Of Using Single Sign-On (SSO) For Thinkific {#benefits-of-using-single-sign-on-sso-for-thinkific}
**Seamless User Experience:** Give students, teachers, alumni, and employees a simple online experience while minimizing queries related to authentication.  

**Manage users with ease:** Add or remove users with just a few clicks, As you have to make changes in only one user directory rather than multiple sources.  

**User Life-cycle Management:** Easily manage user life-cycle with the transition of a user from one group to another. e.g. Student to Alumni, Undergraduate to Postgraduate.  

**Reduced support cost:** Remembering fewer passwords means reducing support dependency and thus reducing the cost of support.  

**Extensible:** With support to [5000+ applications](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/) ([Zoom](https://www.miniorange.in/zoom-us-saml-single-sign-on-solution), LMS apps, etc) already and growing, Scale-Up or Scale-Down adaption of applications without any hassle.  

**Platform Independent:** Seamless access over all devices supporting a web browser.  

&nbsp;  


#### **How much am I going to pay for this?**
miniOrange believes that Institutions and colleges should not face high implementation costs for securing their applications or websites. Their data and credentials should be protected at ease without rendering or affecting their learning process.  

Hence, miniOrange provides a secure and seamless remote learning experience at affordable prices.  

Single Sign-On (SSO) seamless solution is provided to educational institutions along with 24*7 Technical Support. We are trusted by educational institutes across the globe like Harvard University, Stanford University, the University of Florida, and [many more](https://www.miniorange.in/customers?id=educational-institutes).  

Integrate and test the Community Version [free of charge](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/on-premise-identity-server/download).

### Conclusion {#conclusion}
The bottom line is Students and Teachers will be relieved from maintaining multiple credentials to access various applications. Take advantage of the ready-made solution that miniOrange is providing to Thinkific users so that they can enjoy a seamless and secure login experience to their accounts from their existing Identity Providers / User Stores or from miniOrange.  

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  



#### **Further Reading**  

- [Thinkific SSO MFA integration with multiple IDPs](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/thinkific-sso-mfa)
- [Add an extra layer of Security to your Thinkific account](https://www.miniorange.in/two-factor-authentication-for-thinkific)
- [What is Single Sign-On?](https://www.miniorange.in/single-sign-on-sso)
- [How to manage Students or Users?](https://www.miniorange.in/user-provisioning)
- [Single Sign-On (SSO) For Your Application Using Azure AD](https://idp.miniorange.in/login-using-azure-ad/)

miniOrange is providing a ready-made Single Sign-On (SSO) solution to Thinkific users to enjoy a seamless and secure login experience to their accounts from their existing Identity Providers / User Stores or from miniOrange.

Thinkific Single Sign-On (SSO): Secure Best Online Course Platform


On September 2021, an attacker published credentials for 87,000 FortiGate SSL VPN devices online and created a huge threat to VPN Security by exploiting a known, old vulnerability. Investigators concluded that the credential was obtained by exploiting CVE-2018-13379, a vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to download system files via specially crafted HTTP resource requests. Its vulnerability was given a CVSS score of 9.8.

During an attacker’s web scan for vulnerable devices, they got hold of the stolen info from “systems that remained unpatched” at the time, says Fortinet. Unless FortiOS SSL VPN passwords are changed since this scan, they can be compromised, according to Fortinet. “Fortinet has been actively advising and educating its customers about these vulnerabilities since first discovering them, urging them repeatedly to update their affected systems as soon as possible,” the company said in June.

Due to FortiOS SSL VPN’s popularity with enterprise users, this can also be used to compromise network security.

![Fortinet Attack](/blog/assets/2023/fortinet-attack.webp)

### Benefits of VPN {#benefits-of-vpn}
When you activate VPN on your device, it mainly provides the following benefits:

- **Privacy** — shields IP addresses, locations, search histories, and other details from being tracked by websites, browsers, cable companies, internet service providers, and others.
- **Security** — ensuring the safety of your personal information while it’s in transit or being received from and sent from your device.

![VPN MFA](/blog/assets/2023/vpn.webp) 

### Are VPNs really so secure? {#are-vpns-really-so-secure}

Although VPNs are good tools, they aren’t perfect. Malware and online attacks can infect them just like any computer program. VPN security is negated if infected. An attacker can use arbitrary data such as authentication files to retrieve data from many SSL VPN products. Additionally, **unauthorized attachment to a VPN** provides the attacker with a secondary exploit entry to a root shell.

In an eye-commencing article through Forbes, agencies all over the globe discovered simply how susceptible all of the “secure” VPNs with inside the marketplace are. Here is a series of Statistics on VPNs that would make you rethink your VPN security: Out of the ~ 5 Billion customers on the internet today, **~25% use VPNs**. That is an overwhelmingly big range to get access to factors to essential data and should be secured with no compromises. The studies observed that nearly 40% of VPNs comprise some form of malware in them. Even extra unexpected is the truth that this same study discovered over 70% of VPNs to embed a few shapes of unreliable and unethical third-party monitoring devices in the service. Free VPNs or even some paid VPNs have an inner data rate limiter setup, which nearly ensures slower speeds and therefore lesser efficiency. Advertisements on VPNs are a problem of notable difficulty as maximum Advertisements come connected with a risky user fingerprint that can best be made through tracking and sharing user records.

As we have seen in the above scenario, using specially crafted HTTP resource requests, an unauthenticated attacker may be able to download FortiOS system files through a path **traversal vulnerability** in the FortiOS SSL VPN web portal.

### How Two-Factor Authentication can be helpful? {#how-two-factor-authentication-can-be-helpful}

[Two-factor authentication (2FA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)) prevents hackers from having access to your network using compromised credentials. 2FA calls for customers to validate their identification by supplying a 2nd safety component in addition to their password. When connecting to a company network, users have to first input their Active Directory credentials, followed by a time-factor based one-time password (OTP) or HMAC. This OTP is displayed on something that a user “owns”, including a specialized cell phone application known as an authenticator or a programmable hardware token. Ultimately, this provides an additional layer of security for your systems against unauthorized access.

![Mobile 2fa](/blog/assets/2023/2fa-mobile.webp)

### How VPN security is achieved with 2FA? {#how-vpn-security-is-achieved-with-2fa}

VPNs are a vital part of many businesses’ security infrastructures, providing employees with secure remote access to company resources. However, VPNs can also be vulnerable to attack if they are not properly secured.One way to help secure a VPN is to use Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for all users. 2FA requires users to provide more than one form of authentication to access a system or resource. For example, a user might need to enter a password and also use a fingerprint reader or mobile device for two-factor authentication.2FA can be used to help secure both the client-side and server-side of a VPN connection. On the client side, 2FA can be used to authenticate the user before the VPN client software is even launched. This helps prevent attackers from launching the VPN client software with stolen credentials.On the server side, 2FA can be used to authenticate VPN users when they attempt to connect to the server. This helps ensure that only authorized users are able to access the server and helps prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. 2FA is not a perfect solution, but it can be an effective way for your **VPN security**.

### How can miniOrange help with VPN Security? {#how-can-miniOrange-help-with-vpn-security}

We can help you set up Two-factor authentication without problems and resolve the trouble of safety vulnerabilities in addition to privileged access control. If you’re using a Virtual Private Network, to permit your customers to connect over a public network, improving the security turns into a difficulty considering customers gain access to sensitive virtual assets. We can be of great help by providing [2FA on top of VPN Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/vpn-mfa-multi-factor-authentication). This secures access to protected resources instead of relying on only the VPN username/password.

Enabling Two-factor authentication for your Fortinet FortiGate managed active directory increases security and ensures customers only have access to the systems and resources they need access to.

### miniOrange 2FA for Fortinet FortiGate Login {#miniorange-2fa-for-fortinet-fortigate-login}

miniOrange accomplishes this by appearing as a **RADIUS server** that accepts the username/password of the consumer entered as a RADIUS request and validates the customer towards the user store as **Active Directory (AD)**. After the primary stage of verification, miniOrange activates the customer with 2FA and grants or denies access depending on the input through the customer.

![VPN Security](/blog/assets/2023/radius-server-flow.webp)

- Primary authentication starts off with the customer entering his Username and Password for Fortinet FortiGate.
- This request portrays as an authentication request to the RADIUS Server.
- miniOrange RADIUS server processes customer credentials to authenticate against the credentials saved in AD (Active Directory) / Database.
- Once the customer‘s first stage of authentication receives approval, AD sends the affirmation to RADIUS Server.
- After this miniOrange RADIUS Server asks for a 2FA task to the customer.
- Now, the customer enters the response/code which he gets on his hardware/phone.
- Customer feedback is scanned at miniOrange’s RADIUS Server side.
- After validating the successful 2nd-factor authentication, the RADIUS server gives access to the customer.

### What are different 2FA/MFA methods for Fortinet FortiGate supported by miniOrange? {#what-are-different-2fa/mfa-methods for-fortinet-fortigate-supported-by-miniOrange}
In addition to Push Notification, Soft Token, Microsoft/Google Authenticator, we support different methods of [2FA/MFA for Fortinet FortiGate](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/fortinet-multi-factor-authentication-mfa) secure access.

![MFA Methods](/blog/assets/2023/mfa-methods.webp)

Fortinet FortiGate can be secured using any of the 2FA methods listed above. You can integrate VPN 2FA with Fortinet FortiGate and miniOrange by configuring RADIUS authentication settings and policies.



Secure your VPN by using different two-factor authentication methods for Fortinet FortiGate﻿ SSL VPN security, How you can use 2FA for VPN.

VPN Security: How 2FA helps to secure your VPN?



## What is IAM? {#what-is-aim}
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a framework of policies, processes, and technologies designed to ensure that the right people have the right level of access to the right resources at the right time, and for the right reasons. Essentially, IAM is about securing digital identities and regulating access to sensitive information and systems within an organization. It plays a critical role in maintaining security, especially as organizations manage increasing amounts of data and access points.
Effective IAM is essential for adopting a Zero Trust security framework, which operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." By ensuring that only authorized users have access to specific resources, IAM helps organizations comply with regulatory requirements and significantly reduces the risk of cyber threats like ransomware and privilege escalation. Overall, we can say that IAM not only protects against unauthorized access but also strengthens overall cybersecurity posture, making it an important aspect of any organization's security strategy.

## The Four Pillars of IAM {#the-four-pillars-of-iam}
IAM is a comprehensive framework anchored by four key components: IGA, AM, PAM, and ADmgmt


### 1. Access Management (AM) {#access-management-am}
Access Management (AM) is a core component of IAM that focuses on controlling and managing how users access resources within an organization. It ensures that users have the appropriate permissions to perform their roles while safeguarding sensitive data and systems from unauthorized access.

Key features of access management include centralized role and permission management, which allows administrators to define and manage user roles and access rights from a single, unified platform. This centralization simplifies the process of assigning and adjusting permissions as users' roles within the organization evolve. AM systems also support multiple authentication protocols, enabling secure access across diverse environments and applications.

Additionally, Access Management implements Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), which restricts access based on the user’s role within the organization, ensuring that they only have access to the resources necessary for their job functions. To further enhance security, AM often incorporates Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before gaining access. Another valuable feature is temporary privilege assignment, which grants users elevated access for a limited time, ensuring that higher-level permissions are not misused or left unchecked.


### 2. Privileged Access Management (PAM) {#privileged-access-management-pam}

Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a critical aspect of IAM that focuses on securing and managing privileged accounts, as accounts/ users with elevated access rights can potentially cause significant harm if compromised. PAM plays an important role in protecting these high-risk accounts from unauthorized access, misuse, and cyber threats.

Key features of PAM include centralized management of privileged accounts and credentials, ensuring that all privileged access is controlled and monitored from a single platform. This centralization helps prevent the misuse of privileged accounts by tightly regulating who can access critical systems and data. PAM also provides fine-grained permissions, allowing organizations to assign the minimum level of access necessary for users to perform their roles, thereby reducing the attack surface.

In addition, PAM supports customized approval workflows that require specific authorization before privileged actions can be taken, adding an extra layer of security. Automated password rotation is another essential feature, regularly changing passwords for privileged accounts to minimize the risk of exposure. PAM also includes session monitoring and auditing, which track and record all activities performed during privileged sessions, enabling real-time oversight and providing a detailed audit trail for compliance and forensic purposes.

### 3. Active Directory Management (AD management) {#ad-management}

Active Directory Management (ADMgmt) focuses on managing identities and access within an organization through Microsoft Active Directory (AD). It plays a crucial role in controlling and securing user access to network resources, applications, and services, making it an essential part of any IAM strategy.

Key features of ADMgmt include seamless integration with cloud identity providers and other IAM components, allowing organizations to manage identities across both on-premises and cloud environments efficiently. ADMgmt also automates the provisioning of AD users and groups, ensuring that user accounts are created, updated, and deactivated as needed. This automation is complemented by robust monitoring, auditing, and reporting tools, which provide visibility into user activities and help maintain security and compliance.

ADMgmt also enforces role-based access control (RBAC) within Active Directory, ensuring that users have access only to the resources they need based on their roles. Additionally, it provides protection against common Active Directory shortcomings, such as misconfigurations and unauthorized access, by implementing best practices and security measures to strengthen AD’s overall security posture.

### 4. Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) {#identity-governance-and-administration-iga}
Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) is an important aspect of IAM, focusing on the centralized management and oversight of user identities and their access rights within an organization. IGA ensures that only authorized individuals have the appropriate access to systems and data, helping to maintain security and compliance across the enterprise.

Key features of IGA include automated workflows that streamline the process of access request management, provisioning, and de-provisioning of user accounts. This automation reduces the manual workload and minimizes errors, ensuring that users receive the right level of access promptly. IGA systems integrate seamlessly with directories and other enterprise systems, allowing for efficient synchronization of identity data across the organization. 

IGA also provides robust tools for entitlement management, which defines and controls what resources users can access based on their roles. It also enforces Segregation of Duties (SoD) policies to prevent conflicts of interest and unauthorized access. Access review workflows, role-based access management, and powerful analytics and reporting tools are also integral to IGA, providing visibility into who has access to what, ensuring compliance with regulations, and enabling informed decision-making regarding access rights.


### Key Aspects of IAM Solutions {#key-aspects-of-iam-solutions}
When evaluating IAM (Identity and Access Management) solutions, several key aspects should be kept in mind for efficient identity management. 
User Management: This involves tracking and managing every user within the organization, including their roles, permissions, and access rights. Effective user management ensures that each user has the correct level of access to perform their duties while minimizing the risk of unauthorized access.
Authentication & Authorization: This component governs how users gain access to resources and systems. It includes mechanisms for verifying user identities (authentication) and determining what resources they can access (authorization). 
User Reviews: Regularly auditing user access is essential to maintaining security. Periodic reviews help ensure that users have the appropriate access for their current roles and that any unnecessary or outdated permissions are revoked. This process reduces the risk of privilege escalation and unauthorized access.
Onboarding and Offboarding: Streamlining the process of adding and removing users is crucial for maintaining security and operational efficiency. Onboarding ensures that new users are quickly granted the access they need, while offboarding ensures that access is revoked when a user leaves the organization, reducing the risk of lingering access.


### Conclusion {#conclusion}
For organizations looking to further strengthen their IAM approach, considering a cloud-based Identity Management Platform is a wise investment. Such a platform offers seamless integration of all IAM components, providing centralized control and improved efficiency. miniOrange offers a robust Unified Identity Platform that can help your organization implement a comprehensive IAM strategy, ensuring that your digital environment remains secure and well-managed.



Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a broad term covering different methods to block unauthorized access.  It’s built on four key pillars: Identity Governance and Administration (IGA), Access Management (AM), Privileged Access Management (PAM), and Active Directory Management (ADMgmt).

4 Pillars of  Identity and Access Management


**Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)** is a security model that manages access to resources based on a combination of attributes associated with users, resources, and the environment. Unlike traditional access control models like **[Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/)**, which rely on predefined roles, ABAC access control allows for more dynamic and flexible decision-making by evaluating attributes. These attributes can include user information (such as department, clearance level, or job role), resource properties (such as sensitivity or file type), and environmental factors (such as time of day or location).

In ABAC security, access is granted or denied based on a policy that defines which attributes must be met. For example, an organization might allow access to a confidential document only if the user has a certain security clearance, is accessing the document from a specific location, and within a certain timeframe. This multi-dimensional approach makes ABAC authorization highly adaptable to today’s complex IT environments, where static role-based systems may no longer be sufficient to protect sensitive data and critical systems. As a result, ABAC cyber security has emerged as a critical component for organizations looking to bolster their defenses in increasingly diverse and cloud-based infrastructures.

## How ABAC Works {#How ABAC Works}

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) is a dynamic and flexible [IAM (Identity and Access Management)](https://www.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management) model that grants or denies user access based on a set of predefined policies. 

At its core, ABAC operates using policies defined by attributes — characteristics associated with the user (subject), the resource they’re trying to access, the actions they intend to perform, and the surrounding environment. These policies are built as boolean functions, meaning they can change dynamically in response to evolving organizational requirements, making ABAC access control highly adaptable.

### Key Attributes in ABAC 

- **Subject**: This refers to the user requesting access. Attributes here might include the user’s role, department, clearance level, or any other relevant user-related information. This forms a critical component of ABAC authorization as it helps in identifying who can access what.
- **Resource**: This is the asset that the user is trying to access, such as a file, application, API, or server. Resource attributes might cover details like the type of data, its sensitivity level, or ownership, which are crucial in ABAC security policies.
- **Action**: This specifies what the user intends to do with the resource — for example, read, write, edit, delete, or copy. Each action has its own set of access rules that need to be evaluated under ABAC authorization.
- **Environment**: This covers the broader context in which the access request is made. It could include the time of access, geographical location, device type, network security protocol, or even the encryption standards in use. The context-aware nature of ABAC cyber security ensures that access is granted only under secure conditions.

When a user tries to access a resource, the ABAC system evaluates all these attributes against the defined policies. The policies use boolean logic to check if every attribute aligns with the established rules. Access is granted only if all the attributes meet the policy's requirements, thereby ensuring robust ABAC security.

## Benefits of Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) {#Benefits of Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC)}

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) offers a range of advantages that make it a preferred choice for modern security strategies. Here’s a breakdown of its key benefits:

1. **Granular Access Control**: Unlike traditional models that rely on broad roles or groups, ABAC allows administrators to define access rights based on specific attributes. This high level of detail enables organizations to control access down to the [granular level](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/granular-access-control), significantly reducing the risk of unauthorized access. By applying ABAC authorization, companies can tailor permissions based on individual attributes, ensuring that only the right users have access to sensitive resources.
2. **Fast Onboarding of Users**: With ABAC, access policies are defined based on attributes rather than individual user roles. This means that when new users join, they are automatically assigned appropriate access rights based on their attributes, such as department, job role, or location. This automation eliminates the need for manually assigning permissions to each user, speeding up the onboarding process and ensuring that ABAC security is maintained effectively.
3. **Dynamic Access Decisions**: One of the standout features of ABAC is its ability to make access decisions based on real-time context. For example, ABAC authorization can restrict access to certain resources during specific times or only permit access from particular locations. This dynamic, context-aware decision-making process adds an extra layer of protection, enhancing overall ABAC cyber security by considering the environment in which access requests are made.
4. **Policy-Based Access Control**: ABAC access control enables administrators to set clear, structured policies that define who can access specific resources under certain conditions. These policies simplify the management of access rights and make it easier to audit and review access controls. By centralizing policy management, ABAC not only enhances security but also helps organizations stay compliant with internal and external regulations.
5. **Extra Security Buffer**: Beyond traditional security measures like encryption, ABAC security provides an additional buffer against potential breaches. For instance, ABAC can make it harder for users to access resources from unknown devices or unverified locations, thereby adding another layer of defense to protect critical assets and sensitive data. This extra security measure ensures that even if other security protocols are compromised, ABAC cyber security still helps safeguard the organization’s resources.

Overall, ABAC offers a flexible, dynamic, and secure way to manage access controls, making it an ideal choice for organizations looking to enhance their security posture.

## ABAC vs. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) {#ABAC vs. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)}

ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control) and RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) are widely used access control models in cybersecurity. While both aim to manage user permissions and secure sensitive information, they differ significantly in their approach. Let us have a look at the detailed comparison:

| ABAC                                                    | RBAC                                                   |
|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| Entirely attribute-driven: Access decisions are made based on user, resource, action, and environmental attributes (e.g., role, department, location, time). | Based on roles: Permissions are assigned based on predefined job roles (e.g., admin, manager), which determine access rights. |
| Dynamic and context-aware: Access policies can adapt to real-time context, such as location, time, and device type. | Static and predefined: Access is granted based solely on assigned roles without considering dynamic contexts. |
| Fine-grained access control: Policies can be tailored to very specific conditions, providing granular control over who can access what. | Broad access control: Users inherit permissions based on their roles, which can lead to excessive access if roles are too broad. |
| Policy-based access control: Uses XML-based natural language policies that consider multiple attributes and context to make access decisions. | No policy construct: Access is determined by assigning users to specific roles; there are no complex policy rules. |
| Ideal for large, dispersed organizations: Suited for enterprises with numerous users and resources requiring precise access controls. | Ideal for smaller organizations: Best for businesses with a more centralized workforce and fewer external users. |

&nbsp;

**ABAC** offers a dynamic, context-aware approach with fine-grained control, making it suitable for complex environments. **RBAC**, on the other hand, provides a simpler, role-based model that works well for smaller or less dynamic organizations.


## What Are the Use Cases of Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)? {#What Are the Use Cases of Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)?}

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) is highly versatile, providing tailored access based on user attributes, roles, locations, and more. Here are key use cases:

- **Granular Data Security**: ABAC secures sensitive data by allowing access based on specific conditions, such as user role, location, or device used. This fine-grained control reduces the risk of unauthorized access.
- **Protecting Microservices and APIs**: ABAC ensures only authorized users or services can access APIs and microservices, providing enhanced security in complex, cloud-based architectures.
- **Dynamic Firewalls and Policy Controls**: ABAC supports real-time, per-user policy adjustments based on changing attributes like network location or device, strengthening network security with dynamic access controls.

These use cases highlight ABAC's adaptability in various scenarios, especially where detailed, context-aware security is crucial.


## Disadvantages of Using ABAC {#Disadvantages of Using ABAC}

- **Increased Complexity**: Setting up ABAC requires careful planning, as administrators need to define numerous attributes and policies, making implementation time-consuming.
- **Scalability Challenges**: Managing a large number of users and attributes can be difficult, especially as organizations grow, making ABAC less efficient to scale.
- **Auditing Difficulties**: The numerous permissions in ABAC create complexity, making it harder to audit and identify potential security gaps.



## Conclusion {#Conclusion}

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) offers a flexible and dynamic approach to managing access, using a combination of user, resource, action, and environmental attributes. Its ability to provide fine-grained, context-aware security makes it ideal for complex and evolving IT environments, particularly in cloud-based infrastructures. While ABAC has its challenges, such as complexity and scalability issues, its benefits, including granular control, dynamic policy management, and enhanced security, make it a valuable component for organizations aiming to strengthen their cybersecurity posture.

To implement ABAC effectively and seamlessly, solutions like miniOrange offer comprehensive tools to help you manage and secure access with ease.



## Frequently Asked Questions {#Frequently Asked Questions}


**1. What Does ABAC Mean?**

ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control) is a security model that manages access to resources based on various attributes or characteristics. These attributes can include user details (like role or department), the type of resource, the action to be performed (e.g., read, write), and environmental factors (such as time, location, or device).

**2. What Is ABAC Used For?**

ABAC is used to provide fine-grained access control to sensitive data, systems, and services. Unlike traditional role-based models, ABAC uses detailed policies to decide if a user should have access based on specific attributes. This makes ABAC ideal for complex environments, such as cloud platforms, where access needs to be tailored to individual circumstances, such as restricting certain data access only during business hours or from specific locations.


ABAC grants access based on user attributes rather than roles, enabling precise control over permissions. Analyze context, identity, and more for secure access.

What is Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)? – A Complete Guide





### What is CIAM? {#what-is-ciam}

**Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM)** is an identity technology used by various organizations to control a customer’s access to multiple applications and services. One of the primary functions of CIAM is to assist companies in delivering an enhanced user experience while protecting their user data and managing **customer identity**.


A **CIAM** solution generally offers a number of features, including customer registration, [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso?utm_source=Social-media&utm_medium=Youtube&utm_campaign=single+sign+on) Authentication, [two-step verification](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa?utm_source=Social-media&utm_medium=Youtube&utm_campaign=multi-factor-authentication), account and user management, Passwordless Login access management, directory services, and other data access policies. Customer Identity Management and [IAM (Identity and Access Management)](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/) are integral components of a robust CIAM software solution.


### What is CIAM Software? {#what-is-ciam-software}

**CIAM software** is a specialized [customer identity and access management](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/customer-identity-access-management-ciam?utm_source=social-media&utm_medium=youtube&utm_campaign=ciam) software designed to streamline and secure every stage of a customer's interaction with an organization. From smooth sign-up and sign-in processes to creating personalized user experiences, CIAM software ensures that customer interactions are both frictionless and secure. By implementing a robust **customer identity management software**, organizations can accurately identify their customers, tailor access to customer-facing applications, and maintain compliance with various industry regulations. This not only builds and maintains customer trust but also helps organizations meet compliance mandates across different regulatory standards and frameworks.

### What is CIAM Used for? {#what-is-ciam-used-for}

**Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM)** is a comprehensive solution designed to address various CIAM use cases, enhancing both security and user experience. The primary customer identity and access management use cases include:


1. **Authentication**: Ensuring that only authenticated users access applications and services is fundamental. CIAM solutions offer robust authentication mechanisms to verify user identities with varying levels of assurance based on the context of the interaction.
2. **Authorization**: Proper authorization is critical to ensure that customers have the right access at the right times. CIAM solutions provide transparent yet secure authorization processes, ensuring that users only access what they are permitted to.
3. **User Management**: Managing digital identities throughout the customer lifecycle is important. CIAM solutions facilitate user registration, authentication, and retention, ensuring a seamless user journey with the organization.
4. **Application Interoperability**: CIAM solutions must integrate seamlessly with other applications and services. By supporting standards such as OAuth 2.0 and offering APIs and SDKs, CIAM solutions ensure interoperability and extensibility.
5. **Federation and Open Standards**: CIAM solutions support social identity providers for sign-ups and sign-ins and handle business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C) scenarios. Standards-based identity providers like SAML 2.0 and OpenID Connect (OIDC) provide a competitive edge for organizations offering SaaS services.
6. **Metrics & Analytics**: Capturing and analyzing data from user interactions, such as sign-ups, sign-ins, and browsing patterns, is essential. CIAM solutions enable organizations to leverage these data points for higher conversion rates, better retention, increased engagement, and ultimately, higher revenues.

### Essential elements of CIAM {#essential-elements-of-ciam}

Modern-day CIAM solution consists of AI-powered, adaptive authentication. These utilize contextual and behavioral analytics, additionally, they consist of administratively established frameworks and policies. It determines, what authentication factors can be applied to any customer for a particular situation, few of these components are listed below 

- SSO (Single Sign-On)
- Passwordless Login
- Social Login
- MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication)
- Adaptive MFA
- Login with Existing User Store
- Provisioning
- Progressive Profiling
- Metrics & Analysis

### What is the difference between IAM and CIAM? {#what-is-the-difference-between-iam-and-ciam}

CIAM is designed for website users or mobile app visitors, offering a simpler authorization model compared to IAM, which serves employees accessing internal services. CIAM focuses on direct logins, while IAM often includes a user portal and handles a broader range of roles within an organization.

![](/blog/assets/2024/iam-ciam-features.webp)

**Difference between Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM) and Identity and Access Management (IAM)**

The distinction between **IAM vs CIAM** lies in their target user bases and specific functionalities. CIAM and IAM both manage identities and access but serve different purposes: CIAM is tailored for customer-facing applications and enhancing user experience, while IAM is designed for internal employee access and IT management.

### How to Choose the Right CIAM Provider: Key Features to Consider {#key-features-of-ciam}

When selecting the right CIAM solution for your business, it's crucial to understand the CIAM features that will best meet your needs. Here are some **key features for customer identity and access management**:

**1. Online Reputation of CIAM Provider**
Before considering the services of any CIAM provider, conduct an in-depth background check. Investigate the types of services they have delivered in the past, and read reviews from businesses currently utilizing their services. This helps ensure you choose a reliable and reputable provider.

&nbsp;

**2. On-Premise and Cloud Support**
A robust CIAM solution should offer both on-premise and cloud support. On-premise solutions give businesses control over their data, managed and handled by their own IT administrator teams. On the other hand, cloud-based security enables businesses to scale rapidly with minimal effort. On-premise tools provide a level of security and control that surpasses cloud solutions, offering significantly better threat protection.

&nbsp;

**3. Scalability and Customization**
One of the primary CIAM features is its ability to support a large number of users. The frequency and number of users accessing a product directly impact its usability and cost. Customization options allow for various personalization services, providing a tailored experience for users. This is particularly advantageous for businesses with a consistent client base, as it enables the accumulation of customer data to offer personalized experiences.

&nbsp;

**4. Frictionless User Experience (UX)**
An effective CIAM solution provides a seamless user experience across channels. Modern CIAM solutions capture relevant data and allow customers to create profiles easily, without lengthy registration processes. Features like passwordless authentication and support for social media logins through OpenID Connect (OIDC) enhance the user experience. Customization and personalization build customer confidence and establish trust in the brand.

### What are the benefits of a CIAM Solution? {#what-are-the-benefits-of-a-ciam-solution}

CIAM benefits provide substantial advantages for businesses looking to enhance both security and customer experience. Here are some **key benefits of CIAM**:

&nbsp;

1. **Frictionless Sign up without hassle**: CIAM helps streamline the registration and sign up process, reducing abandonment rates and increasing conversion rates. By offering convenient registration options like social login and customized forms, businesses can leave a positive first impression on any new customer.
2. **Hassle-free sign-in option**: With features like Single Sign-On (SSO) and customer-friendly Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), CIAM ensures that customers are able to sign in and access all the applications easily and securely. This enhances user experience by reducing the need for multiple sets of credentials.
3. **Branded Interactions**: Every interaction, from sign-up and sign-in to email communications, should reinforce your brand identity, making it instantly recognizable to customers. A CIAM solution ensures consistent branding across all touchpoints, providing built-in, customizable user interfaces for seamless sign-up and sign-in experiences. Additionally, it supports integration with Android, iOS, and JavaScript SDKs, allowing you to easily incorporate branded user authentication pages into your apps.
4. **Customer Insight and Engagement**: Collecting and analyzing data on usage patterns, favorite products, personal preferences, and engagement types are essential for gaining deep customer insights. These data points can be transformed into valuable business intelligence, enabling you to tailor your products and services more effectively to meet customer needs and preferences.
5. **Drive Loyalty and Revenue**: CIAM provides a holistic view of customers, enabling businesses to deliver consistent and personalized experiences across all digital channels. This fosters customer loyalty and drives revenue by creating meaningful upsell opportunities.
6. **Self-Service account recovery**: Password forgetfulness is common, but account recovery should be quick and secure. Customers should easily recover their accounts using a verified identifier, such as a registered email address or mobile number, without needing customer support. This ease of recovery can be crucial, often determining whether a business transaction is completed or a potential customer is lost.
7. **Compliance with privacy regulations**: By giving customers control over their data and ensuring compliance with privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA, CIAM helps build a foundation of trust. CIAM tools allow businesses to collect and enforce customer consent, ensuring data is shared responsibly and securely.

### Why Choose miniOrange? {#why-choose-miniOrange}

While CIAM and IAM solutions share foundational elements, traditional IAM solutions cannot fully replace CIAM. CIAM addresses unique needs by adding scalability and flexibility to the core IAM features. CIAM solutions are specifically designed to authenticate and authorize consumers accessing public-facing applications and services, supporting millions of users and integrating seamlessly with social logins and various business systems like sales and marketing.


miniOrange offers robust Customer Identity solutions (CIAM) through both cloud and on-premise IAM solutions, ensuring secure access for your workforce, users, and clients. To integrate a comprehensive CIAM solution and enhance your security infrastructure, book a trial with miniOrange today.

### Start Your 30-Day Free Trial Now!

Sign up for our [30-day free trial](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/free-trial) and enjoy 24/7 support, a free proof of concept (POC), and a dedicated technical expert to assist you every step of the way. 

### Further Reading {#further-reading}

- [Our global Customers around the CIAM Use Case](https://www.miniorange.in/customers)
- [Workforce Identity](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/workforce-identity)
- [What is IAM?](https://www.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management)

### FAQ {#faq}

**1. What is the Purpose of CIAM?**
CIAM (Customer Identity and Access Management) helps businesses identify their customers, create personalized experiences, and determine the correct access levels needed for customer-facing applications and services. By streamlining the registration and authentication processes, CIAM ensures that customers can easily and securely interact with your digital properties. It enables businesses to provide customized and seamless user experiences, manage customer identities efficiently, and protect user data, ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

&nbsp;

**2. Is CIAM a Good Certification?**
Yes, CIAM is recognized globally as a leading certification in the field of identity and access management. It is highly valued for its focus on customer identity and access management, making it an excellent choice for professionals seeking to enhance their expertise in securing and managing customer identities. Earning a CIAM certification demonstrates a strong commitment to best practices in information security and user experience, and it is widely respected by employers and peers in the industry.

&nbsp;


**3. What are the Basics of CIAM?**
CIAM (Customer Identity and Access Management) focuses on managing and controlling external parties' access to a business's applications, web portals, and digital services. It involves the processes of registering, authenticating, and authorizing customers to ensure secure and seamless interactions. CIAM also aims to enhance user experience by providing personalized access and maintaining robust security measures to protect user data and privacy.

&nbsp;

**4. What is a CIAM Solution?**
A CIAM solution is a comprehensive system designed to manage and control customer identities and their access to a business's applications, web portals, and digital services. Customer identity and access management solutions streamline the processes of registration, authentication, and authorization, ensuring secure and seamless user experiences. These customer identity management solutions also provide features such as Single Sign-On (SSO), Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and personalized user experiences. By implementing a customer identity solution, businesses can protect user data, comply with privacy regulations, and enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. CIAM solutions are essential for managing digital identities effectively and securely in today's interconnected digital landscape.


### Which Solution is Right For You?

IAM - Identity and Access Management
Manages and secures employee identities, ensuring authorized access to organizational resources.

CIAM - Customer Identity and Access Management
Handles customer identities across platforms, providing secure and personalized user experiences.








Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM) enhances user experience and secures data by managing customer access to applications and services.

What is CIAM?  Customer Identity and Access Management Solution


Deprovisioning is the process of automatically removing a user’s access from numerous SAAS app accounts and network infrastructure at the same time. Deprovisioning safeguards the security and confidentiality of the company by prohibiting departing employees from using corporate resources. The Deprovisioning action is triggered when an employee quits their job or changes roles within the company.


It is an [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management-system/) solution that monitors and maintains a user’s identity and attributes in relation to their access to resources across one or more systems.

Consequently, whenever a person is “deprovisioned,” their identity, assets, and all associated accounts within the organization’s network of apps and services are all automatically erased. As a result, all the granted permissions and authorizations are securely revoked.

### Why is Deprovisioning important? {#why-is-deprovisioning-important}

Employees, independent contractors, suppliers, and partners constantly enter and exit businesses, acquiring access to countless tools and programs in the process. However, they must be appropriately offboarded and deprovisioned each time they are transferred to a different area of the organization or depart the business. Deprovisioning has several advantages, some of which are listed below:

**1. Protects data from misuse** 
Suppose an employee has access to some confidential information. Until their access is revoked, they can still access this information even after leaving the company. Therefore, It’s crucial to deprovision access as soon as a former employee leaves the organization since they pose great security threats if it’s not done correctly.

**2. Removes orphaned accounts**
If an employee account is not deprovisioned properly after offboarding, it leads to orphaned accounts. These accounts contain all the information about the former employee which isn’t currently assigned to anyone. Deprovisioning removes such accounts which may become hotspots for cyber attacks if not handled correctly.

**3. Easily update or offboard employees**
Maintain, update and delete employees’ user attributes, such as usernames, roles, and profiles, and automatically assign access permissions and user accounts based on changes in their designation (promotion, change in teams/role, etc.) or simply remove the employee after they leave the company throughout the system.

**4. Eliminate human error**
Because automated provisioning eliminates manual processes, it also greatly reduces the margin of error. When removing a user from the system and revoking access, there’s less of a possibility of making a mistake with the help of deprovisioning.

### How does it work? {#how-does-it-work}

Deprovisioning deletes the accounts connected to the user and eliminates their access permissions when they are offboarded or change roles. Moreover, this procedure may now simply be automated, as opposed to the traditional one that included HR staff relaying information to the IT department and then system administrators to restrict access. Through the use of Identity and Access Management (IAM) technology, automated deprovisioning is possible.

![SCIM User provisioning](/blog/assets/2023/scim-user-provisioning.webp)

The user will be deleted (if terminated) and all accounts linked with them will be immediately modified or revoked when employees move to another department or leave the business with the help of IAM and integrated directories.

### Automated Provisioning and deprovisioning {#automated-provisioning-and-deprovisioning}

Manual Deprovisioning carries significant security risks. There may be times when the person in charge of deprovisioning delays the task or, on rare occasions, forgets to do so. Old accounts with plenty of rights continue to build up in the directory as a result, and many former employees still have active accounts in your company’s domain. Data leaks by former employees shouldn’t be unexpected in this circumstance.

[Automated deprovisioning](https://blog.miniorange.in/automated-user-provisioning/) can assist in avoiding these risky mishaps and removing human error, which can be expensive for your company. A user account is automatically deprovisioned, removing it from Active Directory and revoking all user rights. The process of adding, updating, and controlling their access must also be automated as part of automated provisioning. In comparison to the time-consuming manual method, the activity just takes a few minutes, and it significantly improves network security.


### Provisioning and Deprovisioning with miniOrange {#provisioning-and-deprovisioning-with-miniOrange}

With miniOrange and our wide range of [User Provisioning & Deprovisioning solutions](https://www.miniorange.in/products/user-provisioning), you can create, manage, & delete your external and internal users’ access to on-premises, cloud, and hybrid apps.

We also have pre-integrated apps for Provisioning and Deprovisioning:

-  [Azure/Active Directory](https://www.miniorange.in/azure-ad-provisioning)
-  [G-Suite App](https://www.miniorange.in/google-workspace-provisioning)
-  [Microsoft 365](https://www.miniorange.in/office-365-provisioning)
-  [Salesforce](https://www.miniorange.in/salesforce-provisioning)

![Deprovisioning apps](/blog/assets/2023/automated-provisioning-apps.webp)

Linked is an overview of our Provisioning solutions as well as in-depth steps to implement the solution. miniOrange can set up complete automation for User Provisioning in your organization in no time! We have both cloud and on-premise solutions available based on the organization’s requirements.

Check out all of our pre-existing Provisioning & Deprovisioning integrated apps [here](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/?id=provisioning).

### Additional Resources {#additional-resources}
- [What is Provisioning?](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-provisioning/)
- [JIT Provisioning](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-just-in-time-jit-provisioning/)
- [Watch a Video to understand more about User Provisioning & Deprovisioning](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=No8cg_qMrR4)

Deprovisioning ensures that the former employees do not have access to the organization’s resources right at the moment that they leave.

What is Deprovisioning & why is it important?



Fine-grained access control (FGAC) is a security method that defines a user’s access rights with greater detail than just initial login, managing permissions to data, systems, and resources with multiple factors. Fine-grained access control evaluates multiple elements, such as policies, attributes, and even user behavior, to grant or restrict access. 

For example, in a company setting, FGAC might allow varying levels of access to a document based on factors like the employee’s department, job title, or even where they are accessing it from, ensuring only relevant permissions are granted based on precise criteria.

## Why is fine-grained access control important? {#Why is fine-grained access control important?}

Fine-grained access control (FGAC) has become essential in today’s data-driven business landscape, where information is a vital asset. Here’s why FGAC is critical for modern organizations:

1. **Enhanced Confidentiality**: With data privacy regulations like [GDPR](https://www.miniorange.in/compliances/gdpr), HIPAA, and PCI-DSS shaping the landscape, FGAC helps organizations meet stringent [compliance requirements](https://www.miniorange.in/compliances/) by restricting access to sensitive data based on precise rules. This ensures that only authorized individuals can view or handle personal and confidential information, reducing the risk of breaches and maintaining public trust.
2. **Centralized yet Secure Data Access**: FGAC allows businesses to manage large, centralized data repositories efficiently without exposing sensitive information to all employees. By setting distinct [access controls](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-access-control/), organizations can streamline data storage, leverage economies of scale, and still enforce security and privacy, preventing unauthorized access to crucial data.
3. **Precision in Access Permissions**: FGAC offers unmatched flexibility, enabling companies to set unique access rules for specific data points, rather than relying on broad categorizations. This granularity avoids barriers, ensures smooth workflows, and provides tailored access that aligns with each user’s specific needs.
4. **Controlled Data Sharing with External Partners**: FGAC also enables controlled data access for third parties, such as partners and vendors, by granting limited access to necessary information only. This minimizes risk while allowing secure collaboration, with access that can be easily revoked as needed.

Fine-grained access control is not just about security—it’s a strategic approach to data governance that helps organizations meet regulatory demands, safeguard sensitive information, and enhance operational efficiency in a complex digital environment.

## What are the elements of fine-grained access control? {#What are the elements of fine-grained access control?}

Fine-grained access control (FGAC) relies on multiple elements to define, manage, and enforce specific access permissions, allowing businesses to implement security with precision. Here are the primary elements of FGAC:
1. **Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)**: Traditionally seen as a more general approach, RBAC groups users into predefined roles and assigns access based solely on these roles. While effective in certain scenarios, [RBAC](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/) is often considered coarse-grained since it overlooks other contextual factors, which can lead to either excessive or insufficient access. FGAC, however, builds upon RBAC by integrating more nuanced access control factors.
2. **Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)**:  A more sophisticated element, [ABAC](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-attribute-based-access-control-abac/) uses attributes related to users, data, and the environment to determine permissions. User attributes might include their role, location, department, or time of access, while data attributes could cover file type, creation date, or sensitivity level. This flexibility allows FGAC to offer refined permissions that adapt to specific contexts, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access sensitive resources based on various conditions.
3. **Purpose-Based Access Control (PBAC)**: PBAC is the most adaptable of FGAC elements, combining roles and attributes to grant access according to the purpose of data use. With purpose-based controls, FGAC tailors permissions not only to a user’s identity and attributes but also to the intended use of the data. This approach aligns closely with compliance and data privacy requirements, as access can be dynamically adjusted based on the purpose, offering a highly flexible, context-sensitive security model.

These elements of fine-grained access control work in unison to provide a layered security approach, allowing organizations to establish highly specific and adaptable permissions, reduce data exposure, and meet compliance standards more effectively.

## Coarse-grained vs fine-grained access controls {#Coarse-grained vs fine-grained access controls}


| **Aspect**                  | **Coarse-Grained Access Control (CGAC)**                                                                                   | **Fine-Grained Access Control (FGAC)**                                                                                              |
|-----------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Control Factors**         | Based on a single factor, like role or location, for access determination.                                                  | Utilizes multiple factors, including role, seniority, location, and time of access.                                               |
| **Flexibility and Granularity** | Limited flexibility, often grants broad access to resources, with limited ability to restrict specific sections of data.     | High granularity; can restrict specific sections (e.g., rows or columns in a spreadsheet) and adjust access based on context.      |
| **Implementation Complexity** | Simpler to implement and manage; suitable for organizations with manageable role hierarchies.                              | More complex to implement, ideal for organizations needing nuanced access for compliance or cross-border data sharing.             |
| **Use Cases**               | Suitable when data sensitivity is low, or the number of roles and permissions are easily manageable.                         | Essential for highly sensitive data, regulated industries, and cases where data visibility needs to be controlled at fine levels. |


### Control Factors:
- **Coarse-Grained Access Control (CGAC)**: CGAC typically relies on a single criterion, such as a user’s role or location, to determine access to resources. For example, if an employee’s role is classified as "manager," they might receive access to all documents within a specific department without considering other factors. While straightforward, this approach often provides broader access than necessary.
- **Fine-Grained Access Control (FGAC)**: In contrast, FGAC evaluates multiple factors before granting access. Beyond role, FGAC can consider additional attributes like the user’s seniority, geographic location, or even time of day. This multi-faceted approach ensures that only relevant individuals have access, down to specific portions of data, which is critical for sensitive information or regulated industries.

### Flexibility and Granularity:
- **CGAC**: CGAC offers limited flexibility as it generally applies blanket access permissions, allowing users to access entire resources without the ability to restrict specific parts. For instance, a manager may be allowed to view all sections of a report, even if only certain sections are relevant to their role. This broader access can lead to potential security risks by exposing unnecessary information.
- FGAC: FGAC allows for high granularity in access control. With FGAC, access can be granted to particular sections, such as specific rows or columns in a spreadsheet, based on the user’s needs and context. This granularity enables organizations to limit data exposure while tailoring permissions precisely, enhancing both security and compliance.

### Implementation Complexity:
- **CGAC**: Implementing CGAC is relatively straightforward, making it ideal for organizations with manageable role hierarchies or lower sensitivity data. Since it uses a single factor for access, CGAC requires fewer resources to manage and can be effective when access needs are simple and straightforward.
2. **FGAC**: FGAC is more complex to implement due to its reliance on multiple criteria. Organizations with complex data needs or regulatory requirements benefit from FGAC as it can enforce nuanced access policies. While FGAC may require more robust infrastructure and ongoing maintenance, it’s invaluable for industries where data security and compliance are paramount.

### Use Cases:
- **CGAC**: CGAC is suitable for scenarios where data sensitivity is relatively low, and the organization has a manageable number of roles. For example, it’s effective in smaller organizations where permissions don’t need to be highly differentiated and sensitive information exposure is not a primary concern.
- **FGAC**: FGAC is essential in highly regulated industries or organizations dealing with sensitive data. It supports scenarios where data sharing extends across departments or geographical borders, where regulations like data export laws may apply. FGAC is also useful when data needs to be accessible but with specific limitations to avoid exposing sensitive information, promoting secure and compliant data handling.




## Common Use Cases of Fine-Grained Access Control {#Common Use Cases of Fine-Grained Access Control}

Fine-grained access control (FGAC) is particularly valuable for organizations with complex data environments and stringent security requirements. Here are some common use cases where FGAC proves essential:

1. **Selective Data Access in Cloud Environments**: As organizations consolidate data into cloud storage for efficiency, they often face challenges in controlling access to sensitive information. FGAC enables detailed access control, allowing administrators to specify exactly who can access what data, and under what conditions, within a shared cloud data warehouse. With features like dynamic data masking, FGAC provides controlled visibility without compromising the flexibility and scalability benefits of cloud storage, ensuring sensitive data remains protected.
2. **Contextual Access Control for Remote Workforces**: In today’s remote and multi-location work environments, it’s crucial to manage data access based on contextual factors rather than just user roles. FGAC facilitates this by enabling access controls based on location, time, device, and other situational attributes. For instance, an organization can limit access to certain resources only during specific working hours or restrict access to certain data assets from specific locations, such as only allowing access from the office network. This adaptability helps secure data in varied environments while accommodating remote work flexibility.
3. **Detailed Action-Based Permissions**:
Not all data actions carry the same risk, so organizations often need to assign permissions based on specific actions such as reading, editing, moving, or deleting data. FGAC offers a high level of granularity, allowing administrators to tailor access rights for each action type. For instance, a user may be permitted only to view sensitive documents but restricted from editing or deleting them. This [granular control](https://www.miniorange.in/pam/granular-access-control) over data actions mitigates the risk of unauthorized modifications or deletions, ensuring data integrity and security across different user levels.
4. **Compliance with Regulatory Requirements**: Many industries require strict data access controls to comply with regulations like GDPR, [HIPAA](https://www.miniorange.in/compliances/hipaa), and PCI-DSS. FGAC supports compliance by limiting access based on detailed criteria, such as data sensitivity level or specific user attributes. Organizations can dynamically adjust policies as regulations evolve, ensuring that access is always aligned with the latest compliance requirements. This not only helps meet regulatory standards but also reduces the risk of data breaches and legal liabilities.


## Conclusion {#Conclusion}

In today’s data-centric world, fine-grained access control is indispensable for organizations aiming to protect sensitive information while ensuring secure and flexible data usage. By implementing FGAC, companies can establish precise, context-driven access policies that safeguard data, support regulatory compliance, and empower employees to work seamlessly across varied environments. This layered approach to data security not only enhances operational efficiency but also mitigates risks associated with unauthorized access and data exposure.

For businesses looking to integrate fine-grained access control into their security strategy, miniOrange offers robust and customizable solutions. With [miniOrange](https://www.miniorange.in/), organizations can effectively manage data access through advanced policies and controls, ensuring a secure, compliant, and flexible environment for modern data challenges.


Fine-grained access control (FGAC) enables precise permissions, granting or restricting access to data and resources based on detailed, condition-based policies.

What is Fine Grained Access Control (FGAC) and why is it important?


### Managing Access to Legacy and Cloud Applications {# Managing Access to Legacy and Cloud Applications}
Enterprises/Organizations’ needs to preserve and grow virtual workforces while protecting digital transformation efforts have constantly fueled the IAM market. As a result, numerous standards and methodologies for ensuring access for businesses have been developed. 

With the advent of web applications in the industry in the early 1990s, companies turned to Web Access Management (WAM) systems to manage [authentication and authorization](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/authentication-authorization-difference/) to corporate resources. WAM is more commonly known as **Header Based Authentication**, as the user request is authenticated based on the header values of the request. 

The **Federated authentication standards** used today, gained prominence in the early 2000s, and SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS began to gain a foothold in the enterprise, with businesses centralizing their [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management-system/) programs around [IDaaS (Identity-as-a-Service)](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-identity-as-a-service-idaas/).

Regardless of how new a company is, it will inevitably possess legacy resources that rely on earlier generation technologies. Because legacy apps are still used by enterprises, a comprehensive IAM architecture cannot ignore them as Enterprises need to SSO into these legacy applications for a seamless user experience. Thus the employed IAM solution must support both legacy and modern technology applications.

 

### Legacy Authentication methods (Web Access Management or WAM) {# Legacy Authentication methods (Web Access Management or WAM)}
Web Access Management is a legacy authentication mechanism for managing authentication and authorization to corporate resources. It was first utilized in the early 1990s. 

A WAM system requests authentication from the end user, then injects identity data via the HTTP headers of a user’s browser’s HTTP request, for consumption by the protected application. This is more commonly referred to as Header Based SSO. These Header values can be configured as required for the application and are sent to the application via an application proxy. 

The following are some of the advantages of employing Application Proxies’ native support for header-based authentication:

- **Provide remote access to your on-premises apps with ease**: App Proxy makes existing remote access architecture easier to manage by eliminating the need for VPN access and on-premises identity management. Users’ sign-in flows remain unchanged, and they can work from any location on any device.  
- **No need to install any extra software**: There is no need to install any extra software or make any changes to your apps because current Application Proxy connectors can be used.
- **A large number of attributes and transformations are available**: Because all header values are adjustable, there is a large number of attributes and transformations to choose from.

![Legacy authentication model](/blog/assets/2023/legacy-authentication-model.webp)

 

### Traditional WAM models are divided into two categories {# Traditional WAM models are divided into two categories}
#### **Agent/plugin-based models**  
In agent/plugin-based models, an agent/plugin is installed on each app or web server. These agents/plugins intercept HTTP requests before they’re sent to the target application (to read the HTTP header data), communicate with the centralized policy server, and enforce access rules. This solution eliminates the requirement for all traffic to be routed through a proxy, allowing for a distributed design, but it comes with the cost of needing to install, update, and administering agent software on each app server in your environment.

#### **Proxy-based models**  
In Proxy-based models, all web traffic is routed through a network traffic manager, where HTTP requests can be rejected or authorized based on policies. This paradigm presented a single point of failure, but it also provided protocol-level granular access control without the need for software installation. 

### Modern Authentication Methods (SAML/OAuth/OpenID) {# Modern Authentication Methods (SAML/OAuth/OpenID)}
Modern authentication techniques, unlike Legacy authentication methods, use a token-based approach. In this paradigm, an identity provider provides a token with information about the user to the application (service provider), such as a JSON Web Token (JWT) or SOAP payload. This token contains user claims that can be used by the application code to make access decisions.

The token paradigm exchanges information between the [identity provider (IdP)](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-an-identity-provider-idp/) and the service provider (SP), which is the app, using the end user’s encrypted browser context. Because this architecture does not require direct communication between the IdP and the SP, no networking changes are necessary, no agents are required, and traffic does not need to be routed through a proxy. These advantages have contributed to the creation and popularity of SAML and OIDC, and traditional WAM approaches are now out of favor.

![Modern authentication model](/blog/assets/2023/modern-authentication-model.webp)

 
### Unified IAM Solution for both Legacy and Modern Applications {#Unified IAM Solution for both Legacy and Modern Applications}
As previously stated, all organizations, no matter how young, inevitably have a mix of cloud and legacy resources in their environment, necessitating the use of an IAM solution that provides a seamless, single sign-on experience for end users whether they’re accessing on-premise legacy applications or SaaS solutions.

![miniOrange Unified IAM Model](/blog/assets/2023/miniorange-unified-iam-model.webp)

miniOrange’s [IAM solution](https://www.miniorange.in/) provides best-of-breed architecture by utilizing all available resources to provide a smooth [SSO experience](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso). Using miniOrange Legacy Application [SSO modules](https://www.miniorange.in/integrations/), the IAM solution integrates with the existing legacy application, providing users with a seamless, single sign-on experience, regardless of whether the application they are accessing is Legacy or Modern. 
 

### Benefit of unified approach {# Benefit of unified approach}
This solution offers secure and smooth access to any application or resource irrespective of the authentication method supported by them.

Adopt Standards— Embracing SSO standards such as SAML for application access helps maintain IT architecture flexible.
Remove Redundancy—By fully exploiting the features of IdaaS and network traffic managers, legacy WAM providers may sometimes be completely eliminated from the environment.
Scale and Performance—Traffic Managers and Reverse Proxies are designed to protect some of the world’s most complex applications.
Consumer-Grade End User Experience—Extend miniOrange’s best-in-class SSO user experience to apps that IdaaS solutions aren’t built for.
Support for all new use cases—Integration with miniOrange IdaaS positions your organization to enforce [Multi-Factor Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) and safeguard the mobile experience for all of your company’s web apps.
 

### Conclusion {# Conclusion}
By embracing the cloud, organizations can accelerate and gain significant advantages over less agile competition. Needless to say, as the shift cannot happen overnight, organizations will need to maintain their legacy systems for the time being. IT transformation will be accelerated by a modern identity management platform and a smart access management approach that bridges the gap between trusted on-premises applications and the new technologies being adopted.

 

#### **Getting Started with Your Free Trial**
Visit https://www.miniorange.in/businessfreetrial to start your 30-day free trial of our IAM services and see how simple it is to overcome identity and access management difficulties in the cloud.



Extends Modern authentication for users into enterprise Legacy applications, allowing users to login using the same username and password across both, modern and legacy applications.

Header Based Authentication


### What is IDaaS? {#what-is-idaas}

**Identity-as-a-Service (IDaaS)** is an [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/) solution for cloud apps or in other words, a Cloud Identity Provider (IDP) that provides a secure and scalable way for growing organizations to manage their employees, stakeholders, and customers’ identities and provisioning to various applications and resources.

“As a Service” typically means that a third-party provider is rendering a specific service for businesses. For example, you might be aware of “software as a service” which means that a third-party provider is rendering service via their software similarly, IDaaS means that a third-party IDP (Identity Provider) or IAM (Identity and Access Management) delivers Identity Management and [User Provisioning](https://www.miniorange.in/products/user-provisioning) services.

IDaaS solutions offer a range of services such as [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso), [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), User Provisioning/De-Provisioning, and [User Lifecycle Management](https://www.miniorange.in/products/user-lifecycle-management). With IDaaS, your employees, stakeholders, and customers can securely access various applications and resources of your businesses or products. It also enables access management to sensitive data and applications to enhance security and ensure compliance with various regulations and policies.
 

### When did IDaaS Emerge? {#when-did-idaas-emerge}

**IDaaS (Identity-as-a-Service)** emerged as a concept and solution in the field of identity and access management (IAM) in the late 2000s. The exact date of its emergence can be attributed to around 2008-2009 when the term “IDaaS” began to gain popularity and solutions started to emerge in the market.

During this time, organizations were increasingly moving their IT infrastructure and services to the cloud, and there was a growing need for cloud identity management solutions where an IDaaS provider manages & delivers complete IAM services for cloud apps. Slowly, IDaaS in cloud computing became popular, and now it is used by most modern businesses.

### How Does IDaaS Work? {#how-does-idaas-work}

IDaaS typically includes several core components, including a **user directory**, **authentication**, **provisioning services**, Identity Governance (IGA), and administration tools. The user directory is a central repository that stores information about users who could be your organization’s employees, stakeholders, and customers. The information which is stored can be the usernames, passwords, and access permissions. 

Authentication and User Provisioning services provide the means for users to securely log in to the organization’s applications and access the required resources, while Identity Governance (IGA) and administration tools enable administrators to manage user identities, roles, and permissions.

IDaaS works by providing a standardized way for applications and services to interact with the user directory, authentication, and provisioning services. This is typically achieved through the use of industry-standard protocols and APIs, such as SAML, OpenID Connect, and OAuth.

![IDaaS Working](/blog/assets/2023/identity-as-a-service-working.webp)

When a user tries to access an application, the application sends a request to the IDaaS platform to authenticate the user and determine the level of access permissions they have been granted. The IDaaS platform then checks the user’s credentials against the user directory, and if the user is authenticated, returns a token that the application can use to authorize the user’s access.

IDaaS or Identity-as-a-Service Platforms like miniOrange offer a convenient and secure way for organizations and businesses to manage user identities and provisioning across multiple applications and services while reducing the burden of managing their own Identity & Access Management infrastructure. 

When you buy an IDaaS membership, your organization gets an API and/or a centralized configuration portal. You may use either to link your app suite with the service provider’s identity products and deliver capabilities like Single Sign-On (SSO), [Social Login](https://www.miniorange.in/products/social-login), [Adaptive Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/adaptive-multi-factor-authentication-mfa), and more. This is a smart way to optimize costs associated with authentication and identity management.
 
### What are the Benefits of IDaaS? {#what-are-the-benefits-of-idaas}
- **Decreased costs**: Using a cloud-based IDaaS solution reduces the need for expensive equipment, skilled IT professionals, and continuing training, letting your IT team focus on day-to-day operations.
- **Better user experiences**: Users may log in with a single set of credentials using single sign-on and multi-factor authentication, which lowers friction and helps with password resets.
- **Improved income and client loyalty**: A positive first impression generated by a simple login experience leads to increased client interactions and purchases.
- **Risk reduction**: It helps you avoid data breaches, which may cost your company millions of dollars. Also, the hassle of maintaining an Identity-based Security infrastructure is saved when you subscribe to an IDaaS platform.
- **Increased security**: Corrupt individuals with compromised credentials will be unable to enter your system and steal data if you outsource your IAM Services to IDaaS providers.
- **Adaptable to your requirements**: Cloud-based subscription services are flexible enough to adapt to shifting customer bases, such as an inflow of new consumers for special events or promotions. 

### What are the key features of IDaaS? {#what-are-the-key-features-of-idaas}

- **SSO**: Employees, partners, and customers can access all SaaS, mobile, and enterprise apps with a single login utilizing corporate credentials via Single Sign-On.
- **Identity Management**: User identities are stored and managed by an IDP. An Identity Provider may verify user identities using username-password combinations and other variables, or it may simply give a list of customer identities for verification by another service provider.
- **User Provisioning**: Customer data is synchronized with online and corporate apps thanks to SCIM compatibility and connection with on-premises provisioning.
- **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**: Adaptive authentication methods—options to ratchet up as risk grows, depending on situational changes, user behavior, or application sensitivity—are commonly included in MFA.
- **Directory Services**: While most businesses choose to link IDaaS with their current client databases, they may choose to employ a cloud Directory Service to assist customers and/or partners.
- **Privileged Access Management (PAM)**: [PAM](https://www.miniorange.in/products/privileged-access-management-pam) is a set of policies, practices, and technologies that enable organizations to control and monitor access to critical systems, applications, and data by privileged users. 

### What is Identity Management? {#what-is-identity-management}

**Identity management** refers to the processes and capabilities provided by the **IDaaS solution** to manage and control digital identities. Organizations can leverage the capabilities provided by the IDaaS provider to manage user identities, authentication, and access to resources. This includes features like User Provisioning, SSO, MFA, Identity Lifecycle Management, Access Control and Authorization, Identity Governance, Self-Service Features, etc.

### What is Identity Governance? {#what-is-identity-governance}

Identity governance, also known as Identity Governance and Administration (IGA), refers to the processes, policies, and technologies that organizations implement to manage and govern user identities and their access to resources. It focuses on ensuring that the right individuals have the appropriate levels of access to the right resources, while also maintaining security, compliance, and accountability.

Identity Governance involves the following key aspects like Identity Lifecycle Management, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Access Certification and Review, Policy Enforcement, Audit, and Compliance. The miniOrange IDaaS solution provides Identity governance as one of the features.

### Types of IDaaS {#types-of-idaas}

**IDaaS can be classified into two broad categories based on their feature sets:**

- **Basic**: Suitable for cloud-first, small-to-medium-sized businesses that primarily want SSO for their cloud-based apps. This is best for businesses that have very little onsite/legacy infrastructure.
- **Enterprise**: This kind is ideal for bigger organizations with a variety of linked systems. Enterprise solutions offer a significantly broader feature set and can often support a much wider range of operational use cases. Their clients often have a combination of multi-cloud and on-premises infrastructure, necessitating a wide range of APIs for integration. To meet the specialized needs of the business customer, service providers may have to tailor their IDaaS offerings.

### Is IDaaS different from IAM & IDP? {#is-idaaS-different-from-iam-&-idp}

IDaaS (Identity-as-a-Service), IAM (Identity and Access Management) and IDP (Identity Providers) are related concepts. But there are some fundamental differences. Like: 

**IAM Services** refer to the processes, policies, and technologies used to manage user identities and their access to resources within an organization’s IT infrastructure. IAM solutions typically include features like User Provisioning, authentication, and access control. 
IDP, on the other hand, is a component of IAM that is responsible for verifying a user’s identity and providing access to resources based on that identity. An IDP may use various Authentication methods such as Username/Password, Multi-Factor Authentication, or Biometric Authentication to verify the user’s identity.
IDaaS is a cloud-based service that provides identity management and authentication capabilities to organizations. IDaaS solutions are delivered as a service, typically through a subscription model, and can be used to manage user identities across multiple applications and services.


#### **“IDaaS can be referred to as SaaS-based IAM services.”**

So while IAM services refer to the broader concept of managing user identities and access, IDP is a component of IAM and focuses on verifying user identity whereas IDaaS is a specific type of solution that provides identity management as a service. IDaaS solutions often incorporate IAM functionality as part of their service offerings. miniOrange provides both IDaaS & IAM solutions to cater to the varying security needs of different kinds of organizations.

### Why do Enterprises Require Cloud Identity Management Solution? {#why-do-enterprises-require-cloud-identity-management-solution}

Cloud providers have the responsibility to regularly update systems and prevent breaches in IDaaS. Since security is a fundamental element of their business, these cloud providers keep up with the latest threats and technologies, frequently update their network, manage patches and updates, and use qualified security people to monitor solutions. Due to all of this, Identity-as-a-Service makes the risk of data breaches significantly reduced.

Here are some of the key reasons why Enterprises require Cloud Identity Management Solutions:

- **Scalability**: Identity & Access Management solutions for cloud apps can scale to meet the needs of growing enterprises, providing greater flexibility and agility than on-premises solutions.
- **Cost-effectiveness**: Cloud-based solutions can be more cost-effective than traditional on-premise solutions, as they often require less upfront investment and are more efficient to maintain.
- **Remote work**: The rise of remote work has made it more challenging to manage and secure identities across distributed networks. Cloud-based solutions can provide a centralized platform for identity management, reducing the risk of security breaches.
- **Compliance**: Many enterprises are subject to strict regulatory requirements regarding data privacy and security. Cloud-based identity security solutions can help ensure compliance with these regulations.
- **Integration**: Cloud-based identity security solutions can integrate with other cloud-based services, such as SaaS applications, to provide a more comprehensive and streamlined approach to identity management.
- **Threat detection**: They can provide real-time threat detection and response, enabling enterprises to quickly identify and respond to potential security threats.

### Conclusion {#conclusion}
In today’s fast-paced cyber environment, it’s critical for businesses to implement security solutions. It’s even more critical to pick the right Identity and Access Management (IAM) solution for establishing and managing your employees, stakeholders, customers, and clients’ authentication and provisioning. miniOrange offers a variety of IAM solutions that are both efficient and safe. However, before deciding on a cloud security solution provider, ensure that they securely manage your data and give the most basic technical assistance at a reasonable cost. You may sign up for a month of [miniOrange business free trial](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/free-trial) to check out our IAM solutions and make better, more informed decisions.


Take Your Identity Management to the Next Level with IDaaS. Learn Its Features, Benefits, How It Works and many more in this Comprehensive Guide.

Identity-as-a-Service (IDaaS): Everything You Should Know About IDaaS Providers


Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) offers a comprehensive solution for managing digital identities, encompassing not only user management but also controlling access levels for employees. This system effectively tracks an employee's journey from their first day at an organization until their departure. But before diving deeper into the intricacies of ILM, often synonymous with User Lifecycle Management, it's important to first grasp the fundamental concept of digital identity. 

### What is digital identity? {#what-is-digital-identity}

Digital identity refers to a collection of information that uniquely represents an individual, organization, application, or device in the digital ecosystem. For this discussion, our focus will be on the digital identity of an individual user, exploring how this unique set of data defines and distinguishes a person in cyberspace


### What is Identity Lifecycle Management? {#what-is-identity-lifecycle-management}

Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) becomes essential when an organization hires a new employee, enters into a contract, or engages the services of a third party. It involves providing access to crucial information for efficient task execution. However, it's important to recognize that identity management extends beyond just human identities. It encompasses a variety of non-human elements such as systems, roles, responsibilities, keys (API and SSH), and devices.

&nbsp;

As organizational infrastructures grow more complex, particularly with the expansion of remote workforces accessing cloud services, the need for a comprehensive ILM strategy becomes paramount. This approach should encompass all accounts linked to the organization, including their respective access privileges, ensuring seamless and secure operations across the board.



### Key Stages and Best Practices in Identity Lifecycle Management {#key-stages-and-best-practices-in-identity-lifecycle-management}

Let us now have a look at some of the best practices and various stages of Identity lifecycle management.  

&nbsp;

1. **Provisioning** – The integration of new employees, contractors, or third parties involves establishing their digital identities, a process that should adhere to the principle of least privilege. This approach ensures that individuals are granted only the minimum level of access necessary to fulfill their roles. Verification of a user's identity is typically achieved through [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso) and [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) methods. These verification steps are crucial as they restrict access to what is essential for users to perform their tasks effectively and securely.
2. **Updating/ changes** - As the roles and privileges of users evolve, it's crucial to adjust their access to sensitive data accordingly. This can be ensured by implementing Role-Based Access Controls (RBAC). It ensures appropriate user access throughout the identity lifecycle. Equally important is revoking access when it's no longer necessary, as a fundamental aspect of the lifecycle management process
3. **Excess Privileges**: Over time, accounts, especially admin ones, can accumulate excessive privileges, particularly as employees shift roles. Such over-privileged accounts become prime targets for attackers. Regularly reviewing access rights is vital, not just for security, but also to ensure employees have permissions appropriate for their current tasks. Inadequate identity lifecycle management can result in employees retaining access beyond their needs or lacking necessary permissions, thereby affecting both productivity and security
4. **Deprovisioning** – Studies indicate that almost 50% of ex-employees still access their work accounts after leaving their position, whether through resignation or termination. Timely deprovisioning of these accounts is crucial to reduce the risks of unauthorized access or potential harmful actions, especially in cases of termination for cause. This principle is equally important for machine identities, such as those linked to service accounts, to ensure security and prevent misuse

![Key Stages of Identity Lifecycle Management](/blog/assets/2024/how-lifecycle-management-works.webp)

### Benefits of identity lifecycle management solution {#benefits-of-identity-lifecycle-management-solution}

Let us now take a look at few of the benefits of identity lifecycle management (ILM) solution
&nbsp;
- **System Overview**: Provides a comprehensive view of all digital identities and their permissions within the system.
- **Real-time Identity Governance**: Facilitates instant role updates, permission adjustments, and rights revocation.
- **Enhanced Security**: Ensures precise role definition and prevents excessive privileges, eliminating inactive 'zombie' accounts.
- **Efficient Password Management**: Enables password synchronization across platforms and simplifies password reset/change processes.
- **Seamless Integration Across Platforms**: Simplifies IT management by integrating critical applications, bridging gaps between IT and HR.
- **Breaking Down Operational Barriers**: Alleviates the complexity of managing disparate identity silos across applications.
- **Automation of Manual Tasks**: Reduces IT workload by automating repetitive identity management tasks, minimizing human error and security risks.
- **Regulatory Compliance Assurance**: Supports compliance with standards like HIPAA, PCI-DSS, through proper access management and rapid deprovisioning.


### PAM Integration with ILM {#pam-integration-with-ilm}

Pairing Privileged Access Management (PAM) with ILM adds another layer of security and efficiency. PAM specifically handles the access rights of privileged users, like administrators or those with high-level access to systems. Integrating PAM with ILM creates a more holistic approach to identity management.

&nbsp;

This combination ensures that privileged accounts are governed with the same standards as regular accounts, providing a unified view of all access privileges across the organization. The integration helps in continuously monitoring and managing the lifecycle of privileged identities, reducing the risk of security breaches and enhancing compliance with regulatory standards. By incorporating PAM into ILM, organizations can achieve a more controlled and secure environment, while maintaining the flexibility and efficiency needed in dynamic business landscapes.

### miniOrange's Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) {#miniOrange-identity-lifecycle-management-ilm}


The miniOrange's Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) provides a complete solution tailored to the digital identity management requirements of modern organizations. This platform streamlines the identity management process, automated workflows, provisioning, de-provisioning, and access control, and ensures comprehensive management of digital identities. Not just that, the ILM solution emphasizes reducing human error and increasing productivity through the automation of manual tasks. Additionally, the platform features real-time identity governance, efficient password management, and a complete system overview. This approach not only enhances security measures but also significantly boosts operational efficiency.

&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Overall, the miniOrange's ILM solutions are designed to adapt to the evolving digital landscape, with its ability to break down operational silos and ensure seamless integration across different platforms. It provides organizations with the tools to manage identities securely and efficiently. By implementing these solutions, organizations can protect their assets, comply with regulatory requirements, and streamline their identity management processes, thereby achieving a balance between security and operational efficiency.






Through Identity Lifecycle Management the entire digital identity lifecycle process gets automated, by managing user identities. 

What is Identity Lifecycle Management?


**Out Of Band Authentication (OOBA)** is a type of two-factor authentication (2FA) that demands a secondary verification method delivered over a different communication channel (call or text) in addition to the typical user ID and password. The possibility of compromising the transaction/account decreases by splitting the process into two channels, employing both the user’s internet and mobile wireless connection. An attacker is unlikely to be able to compromise both channels in the short amount of time required for an online transaction to take place.

Financial firms and other companies with high-security requirements employ out-of-band (OOB) authentication to prevent unwanted access. OOBA improves cybersecurity by making it more difficult to hack an account because it requires two different and unrelated authentication channels to be compromised at the same time for an attacker to get access.

### How Does Out-of-Band Authentication (OOBA) Work? {# How Does Out-of-Band Authentication (OOBA) Work?}

The channel used to authenticate a customer in an out-of-band authentication (OOBA) system is completely independent of the channel used by the customer to log in or make a transaction. Out-of-band authentication, as opposed to multi-factor authentication, is a sort of 2FA (something you know, like a password, and something you have, like your mobile device).  

Let’s imagine a customer wishes to do a banking transaction on their computer. They use their username and password to access the online banking system. The system then sends a one-time password (OTP) to their mobile device by text message or push notification. The user’s internet and wireless network are both involved in this scenario.  

Malicious actors may have access to compromised credentials and use a laptop to make a transaction, but they rarely have access to the user’s smartphone to obtain the one-time password required for authorization unless additional means like call forwarding, cloning, phone theft, or other ways are used. The transaction cannot be completed without the OTP. Other Out-of-Band Authentication techniques, such as a fingerprint scan or QR code, could be used instead of an OTP by the company.

![Out Of Band Authentication Working](/blog/assets/2023/how-ooba-works.webp)  

### How is OOBA more beneficial than other authentication methods? {#How is OOBA more beneficial than other authentication methods?}

Using [Two-factor authentication (2FA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/two-factor-authentication-(2fa)) for Out-of-Band Authentication may appear to be a hassle to you; as you have to go through an extra step to log on to your accounts and access resources. Traditional authentication does not work in this fast-paced digital environment when cyber criminals are seeking critical consumer data. You might be leaving yourself open to thieves who want to steal your data and personal information if you don’t use 2FA Security.  

Out-of-band authentication is critical in [identity and access management](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management-system/) because it significantly minimizes the risk of a “man-in-the-middle” attack. Hackers can intercept data transferring channels by taking over the communication channel between the sender and the recipient in an MITM attack.  

In access management, using two different channels to authenticate lowers the risk of MITM attacks and keeps the transmitted information safe.

### Key benefits of using Out Of Band Authentication (OOBA) {#Key benefits of using Out Of Band Authentication (OOBA)}

#### **Fraud Prevention**
Before allowing you to proceed, [Multi-Factor Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) confirms that you are who you say you are. It adds another degree of protection to your website, preventing unwanted access. 

#### **Improved Customer Trust**
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security to your business and your customers’ accounts. It safeguards customer information against identity theft.  

#### **Enhanced Security**
MFA reduces the likelihood that an attacker will be able to impersonate a user and obtain access to the system. The miniOrange MFA solution allows users to log in using only their Username and OTP, eliminating the need for a password.  

#### **Adaptability for different use cases**
When dealing with sensitive data, more caution is necessary. The adaptive MFA evaluates risk based on factors including geo location, IP address, and time since the previous login.  

&nbsp;  

As a result, out-of-band authentication (OOBA) is utilized to secure your devices, accounts, and data from security breaches, phishing, and brute-force password attempts. Knowing the password alone isn’t enough for cyber attackers to pass the security check if you’ve set 2FA protection.  


### How can miniOrange help you? {#How can miniOrange help you?}

miniOrange Authentication Service verifies that you are who you claim to be before letting you move forward. We ensure that however varied your user base may be, we have the right authentication method for each one of them.  

&nbsp;  

**OOBA**: OTP/Link over SMS/EmailOTP over text/call using SMS/Email: miniOrange offers OTP via SMS/Email via the default gateway, which users can access. The templates for sending OTP to your users by SMS and email are entirely customizable as well.  

&nbsp;  

**Link over SMS/Email**: When this option is enabled, you will receive an SMS/email containing an Accept Link and a Deny Link at the moment of verification. If you click the Accept button, your transaction will be completed; otherwise, it will not.  

&nbsp;  

**OOBA Push NotificationPush notifications**: When the push notification mechanism is enabled, you will receive a push notification from miniOrange on your Authenticator App, which you either accept or deny. You can successfully finish the second-factor challenge after clicking Accept.  

&nbsp;  

**Authenticator apps**: Receive a time-based OTP token (TOTP) by an external authenticator app such as Google/Microsoft authenticator for secure login.  

&nbsp;  

**Hardware Token**: Use of a physical USB token in your computer, which generates the required information to gain access.  

&nbsp;  

For any firm or organization trying to increase security, using multiple authentication methods is a clear choice. It secures client information and protects against security breaches. It benefits everyone: customers are less likely to have their data stolen, and organizations are less likely to suffer a significant data breach.  

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  

#### **Further Reading:**
1. [Multi-Factor Authentication](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-multi-factor-authentication-mfa/)
2. [The necessity of Banking Cybersecurity](https://blog.miniorange.in/necessity-of-banking-cybersecurity/)
3. [What is Risk-Based Authentication?](https://blog.miniorange.in/what-is-risk-based-authentication/)

Out Of Band Authentication (OOBA) is a type of 2FA that uses a secondary verification method delivered over a different communication channel.

What is Out-Of-Band Authentication (OOBA)?

### What is Provisioning? {#what-is-provisioning}
Provisioning in its very essence has a very simple meaning – supplying with / making something available.  

As we expand and try to understand this word from an Information Technology business perspective, the definition gets more nuanced. It refers to an IT process involving some infrastructure enabling data and asset transfer.  

As we go on even further and look at it from an [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/what-is-iam-identity-and-access-management) perspective for business, it takes up the meaning of an identity management process that overlooks the changes in data of identities and assets in **identity stores.**  

User provisioning **creates, updates, deletes, handles** all identities (user accounts) across all connected IT Infrastructure, applications, data and assets for business.  

- If all employers were to sit down to manage every employee / user account across every business application or network and service manually / individually, they would quickly go **out of business**. Provisioning, or “User Provisioning” enables **seamless and automated** control over all information updates and data that is required to be made when there is some change in data of a group of users – there might be **address updates, account disables, new enrollments/creations, permission management**, the list is endless for user management.
- It is estimated that in a business, an average-efficient IT department will take ~30 minutes to set up an employee account for every new hire, which is an enormous amount of time when scaled to hundreds of joinees. Not to mention the existing employees requiring security and attention on their accounts. This time can be **greatly reduced** by using User Provisioning processes.
- If an organization or business has ~15 business applications and assets across which it has accounts created for its employees / users, even if 5 employees / users leave, the IT department will need to delete ~50 user accounts across all these applications **manually**, which is clearly a big problem waiting to be solved. **The solution is User Provisioning**. It can be set up in a way that **triggers necessary actions on data** when particular changes are made. Like most good automation solutions today, it takes care of the most chaotic problem we face – human error. A problem without a pattern is very dangerous and any solution to it is instantly adopted.
- User Provisioning also greatly helps in improving the **security and onboarding experience** of new employees / users – nobody wants to sit and create **multiple user accounts** on the first day of work.
 

### How does Provisioning work? {#how-does-provisioning-work}
Now that we’ve understood that user provisioning is a simple but necessary identity management automation process that takes care of individual digital identities along with their access rights, permissions, and data changes for a business, let’s take a look at how it works.  

When we look at an automated user provisioning information flow for a business, we see that users are added to applications and services based on specific, predefined user roles for security purposes. Whenever a user is assigned a role, that user is automatically created in the associated application/service and granted required access permissions.  

Consequently, when any user is “deprovisioned”, that user’s identity, assets and all of its related accounts across the organization’s applications/services ecosystem are deleted without needing manual intervention. All granted permissions and authorizations are securely revoked, as a result.  

Example –

![User Lifecycle Management | Automated Provisioning](/blog/assets/2023/user-lifecycle-management.webp)
 

 

### What are the different variations of Provisioning? {#what-are-the-different-variations-of-provisioning}
As with most IT processes, provisioning comes in various shapes and forms. Not all of these are categorically different from one another, some are subsets or supersets of each other, but let’s briefly look at what these mean –  

1. **User Provisioning** can be defined as the broad process which involves all of the individual sub functionalities, namely account creation – deletion – updation, permissions and access management, data modification, identity storage and handling, etc.
2. **Group Provisioning** involves a simpler way of dealing with individual users and provisioning processes of those users –  by identifying identities under groups and then handling the process for those groups as a whole. It can be understood as further optimization of the automation that is provisioning.
3. **[SCIM Provisioning](https://www.miniorange.in/products/scim-provisioning-gateway)** is an abbreviation for “System for Cross-Domain Identity Management”. SCIM is, simply put, an open standard that communicates user identity data between Identity Providers and Service Providers.
4. **Account Provisioning** involves all the processes that act on user accounts, which includes account creation, deletion, changing, permission management, securing data, disabling, etc.
3. **Identity Synchronization** refers to a secure real-time and automatic syncing of data across different identity stores (cloud or on-premise) that are connected. An example of this would be – changing of source e-mail address should change the email address everywhere it is used.
 

### Automated Provisioning & Deprovisioning {#automated-provisioning-and-deprovisioning}
The automated provisioning means adding, updating, and deleting users, and managing user access in a network. In addition to eliminating the challenges and delays of manually managing profiles and account rights, it reduces human mistakes, improves operational efficiency, data privacy and eliminates network and other security breaches.  

In the same way that [Automated Provisioning](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/automated-user-provisioning/) can enable users to deploy and activate services, it can also disable their access to data, systems, and applications. This is known as Automated Deprovisioning.

 

### Benefits of Automated Provisioning {#benefits-of-automated-provisioning}

**Streamlined onboarding:**  
By automating provisioning, you can take the user onboarding burden off of HR or IT departments. Through this process, organizations can provide their new employees, contractors, consultants, etc. with access to specific applications (cloud or on-premise), network, data and resources they need to perform their jobs.  

**Increased Productivity:**  
This improves productivity by giving them access to the cloud services they need from day one. Users are empowered to start working immediately without having to wait for access.  

**Cost savings:**  
When you reduce the amount of time and resources spent on manual provisioning, you can focus on other tasks. You also eliminate user downtime when they don’t have access to what they need, resulting in more productivity, lower operational expenses, and improved operational efficiency.   

**Error reduction:**  
It eliminates manual operations, the margin of error is considerably reduced. When adding a user to the system and providing access to programs, there’s less of a possibility of making a mistake.  

**Security:**  
Furthermore, automating reduces the risk of security risks, network or data breaches because access to these cloud applications is only granted through the roles and permissions established by the business.  

**Get deeper insights & analysis:**  
Optimization of the network based on a detailed overview of the data, network and policy-based network setup. This is in contrast to the current practice of making ad hoc operational decisions based on a fragmented view of the network.

 

### Provisioning with miniOrange {#provisioning-with-miniorange}
With miniOrange and our wide range of User Provisioning solutions, you can create, manage, & delete your external and internal users’ access to on-premises, cloud, and hybrid apps.  

We also have pre-integrated apps for Provisioning and Deprovisioning:  

- [Azure/Active Directory](https://www.miniorange.in/azure-ad-provisioning)
- [G-Suite App](https://www.miniorange.in/google-workspace-provisioning)
- [Microsoft 365](https://www.miniorange.in/office-365-provisioning)
- [Salesforce](https://www.miniorange.in/salesforce-provisioning)
 

![Pre-Integrated Apps for Provisioning that miniOrange supports](/blog/assets/2023/automated-provisioning-apps.webp)


Linked is an overview of our [Provisioning solutions](https://www.miniorange.in/user-provisioning) as well as in-depth steps to implement the solution. miniOrange can set up a complete automation for User Provisioning in your organization in no time! We have both cloud and on premise solutions available based on the organization’s requirements.  

Check out all of our pre-existing Provisioning integrated apps [here](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/integrations/?id=provisioning).  

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  

#### **Further Reading:**  

- [Passwordless Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/passwordless-authentication/)
- [Adaptive Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/adaptive-multi-factor-authentication-mfa)
- [What is Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM)?](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/what-is-ciam-customer-identity-and-access-management/)

Provisioning manages access of all identities across all connected IT Infrastructure in business for apps, servers and data. Provisioning means providing.

What is Provisioning and how does it work?


We have come a long way in a world from no risks to extreme risks where **every 39 seconds, there is a data breach**. With these alarming rates of breaches comes the most robust form of cybersecurity. Using the [least privilege principle](https://www.miniorange.in/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/), organizations can control how much access to grant a user. This access control is based on the role the user has, for example, standard user, administrator, viewer, editor, etc.

In this article, find everything you need to know about role based access control, its framework, benefits, models, working, standards and RBAC best practices, deployment options, adaptive RBAC and tools. Let’s jump right in.

## What is Access Control in Cybersecurity? {#What is Access Control in Cybersecurity?}

[Access control](https://www.miniorange.in/reverse-proxy/access-control) is a key cybersecurity concept that ensures only authorized users or systems can access specific data and resources. It acts as a digital gatekeeper, regulating who can enter, what they can do, and preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information.

This protection is crucial against external cyber threats and internal risks, especially with the rise of cloud computing and remote work. Access control also helps businesses meet regulatory requirements by safeguarding personal data and restricting access appropriately.

Common methods include **Discretionary Access Control (DAC), Mandatory Access Control (MAC), and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)**. RBAC, often used in larger organizations, simplifies management by assigning permissions based on job roles, improving security and efficiency.

## What is Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) {#What is Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)}

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a widely used security model that assigns permissions to users based on their roles within an organization. Instead of giving individual access to every user, RBAC groups users by their job functions and grants them access only to the data and systems they need to perform their duties. This streamlines permission management and enhances security. It utilizes the principle of least privilege.

RBAC is especially effective for larger organizations because it reduces the complexity of managing access for numerous employees. By **assigning roles with predefined permissions**, RBAC limits the risk of unauthorized access and minimizes potential damage from internal threats. For instance, in a hospital, there are doctors, nurses, and administrative staff that have different functions as per their job role. They need access to different systems such as patient medical reports, patient care plans and scheduling and billing information.

![How Role-Based Access Control works](/blog/assets/2024/how-it-works-rbac.webp)

### Evolution of RBAC in Business Cases

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), developed in the 1970s to simplify access control based on user roles. In modern dynamic IT environments with cloud computing, microservices, and remote workforces, traditional RBAC models struggle with fluidity. This leads to advanced models like Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) and Policy-Based Access Control (PBAC), which use **contextual** information.

RBAC integrates with these adaptive models, making access management more **agile and granular**. Combining RBAC with IAM systems streamlines user access, reduces security risks, and ensures compliance with less administrative overhead. This balance is crucial for strong security and seamless user experiences.

## RBAC Framework: Core Concepts {#RBAC Framework: Core Concepts}

In Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), the foundation revolves around three key elements: roles, permissions, and users.

**Roles** define what users can do within a system, like “Admin,” “Editor,” or “Viewer.” Assigning roles helps organizations control access, making it easy to manage who can view or modify information.

**Permissions** define what actions or resources a role can access. For instance, an Admin can create, edit, and delete data, while an Editor can only modify content, and a Viewer is limited to reading information. This means only authorized roles perform specific tasks, keeping sensitive data safe and prohibiting unauthorized access.

Finally, **users** are the individuals in the system. These users are assigned to one or more roles based on their responsibilities.

## Benefits of RBAC {#Benefits of RBAC}

- **Security and Compliance using Role based Access Control** - Role-based Access Control (RBAC) boosts security by assigning role-based access, and thus, preventing unauthorized access while complying to standards like **HIPAA, GDPR, and SOX** through its clear access control framework. RBAC facilitates the right person with the right access at the right time to safeguard data and build trust.
- **Better Operational Efficiency with RBAC** - RBAC streamlines access management, lightens IT’s load, and speeds up onboarding and offboarding. It boosts productivity and smoothens workflow by ensuring employees have the right access without unnecessary privileges
- **Simplified Administration and Reduced Overhead** - RBAC groups users into roles, eliminating individual access management and reducing admin overhead. This **boosts efficiency** and lets IT focus on strategic tasks while minimizing errors.

## RBAC Models: Core RBAC vs. Hierarchical RBAC vs. Constrained RBAC {#RBAC Models: Core RBAC vs. Hierarchical RBAC vs. Constrained RBAC}

![Role-Based Access Control Models](/blog/assets/2024/role-based-access-modals.webp)

| Feature                   | Core RBAC                           | Hierarchical RBAC                           | Constrained RBAC                            |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| **Definition**            | Assigns permissions based on roles. | Inherits permissions across a hierarchy.    | Adds constraints to roles and permissions.  |
| **Example Use**           | Small to medium organizations.      | Large organizations with clear hierarchies. | Environments requiring strict controls.     |
| **Permission Management** | Direct role-permission assignments. | Roles inherit permissions from other roles. | Adds conditions like separation of duties.  |
| **Complexity**            | Simple and straightforward.         | Moderate, due to role hierarchy management. | High, due to additional constraints.        |
| **Flexibility**           | High, easy to implement.            | High, scalable with organizational growth.  | Moderate, less flexible due to constraints. |

## How Does RBAC Work? {#How Does RBAC Work?}

### Steps to Implement RBAC for Businesses

1. **Identify Roles**: Define roles based on job functions within your organization.
2. **Assign Permissions**: Allocate permissions to each role according to required access.
3. **Assign Roles to Users**: Link employees to roles that fit their responsibilities.
4. **Review and Monitor**: Regularly audit roles and permissions to ensure they remain appropriate.

### Common Challenges and Solutions in RBAC

**Challenge**: Role Explosion   
**Solution**: Regularly audit roles and consolidate similar ones to avoid unnecessary complexity.

**Challenge**: Inconsistent Role Definitions <br>
**Solution**: Establish clear and consistent guidelines for defining roles and permissions across the organization.

**Challenge**: Overlapping Roles <br>
**Solution**: Conduct periodic reviews to identify and eliminate redundant or overlapping roles.

## RBAC Standards and Best Practices {#RBAC Standards and Best Practices}

### NIST RBAC Model

The NIST RBAC Model is a standardized framework for role-based access control, developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It was adopted as the American National Standard (INCITS 359-2004) by the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) in 2004 and revised in 2012.

This model simplifies security administration by **assigning permissions to roles** instead of individual users. Users are then assigned to these roles based on their job functions. The NIST RBAC Model is organized into four levels:

1. **Flat RBAC**: Basic role assignment without any role hierarchy.
2. **Hierarchical RBAC**: Supports role hierarchies, allowing roles to inherit permissions from other roles.
3. **Constrained RBAC**: Adds constraints like separation of duties to enhance security.
4. **Symmetric RBAC**: Ensures mutual exclusivity and role symmetry.

By implementing the NIST RBAC Model, organizations can achieve more efficient and secure access control, reducing administrative overhead and minimizing errors.

### Defining Clear Roles and Responsibilities

Ensure each role has a well-defined scope of permissions and responsibilities. Clear definitions prevent confusion and overlap, making the system more effective and easier to manage

### Regular Audits and Reviews

Conduct frequent audits and reviews to ensure roles and permissions remain relevant and appropriate. This practice helps identify any security gaps and keeps your access control aligned with changing business needs.


## RBAC in Cloud Environments {#RBAC in Cloud Environments}

Implementing RBAC in cloud environments like **AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud** streamlines access control and enhances security. Each platform offers built-in RBAC tools to assign roles and permissions efficiently, ensuring only authorized users can access specific resources. miniOrange is at the forefront of applying the security controls of RBAC to your cloud providers.

## Comparisons: RBAC vs. Other Access Control Models (DAC, MAC, ABAC) {#Comparisons: RBAC vs. Other Access Control Models (DAC, MAC, ABAC)}

| Feature/Aspect         | Network Access Control (NAC)           | Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)                  | Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)                | Policy-Based Access Control (PBAC)                     |
|------------------------|----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| **Primary Focus**      | Network access management             | Role-based permission assignment                  | Attribute-based dynamic access decisions             | Policy-based rules for access decisions                 |
| **Scope**              | Network                               | Systems and applications                          | Systems, applications, and data                      | Systems, applications, and data                         |
| **Granularity**        | Medium                                | Coarse to medium                                  | Fine-grained                                        | Fine-grained                                           |
| **Flexibility**        | Moderate                              | Moderate                                          | High                                                | High                                                   |
| **Management Complexity** | Moderate                           | Low                                               | High                                                | High                                                   |
| **Key Components**     | Authentication, compliance checks, monitoring | Roles, permissions, users                        | Attributes, policies                                | Policies, centralized management                       |
| **Typical Use Cases**  | Corporate networks, educational institutions | Organizations with defined job functions         | Dynamic and diverse access needs                     | Large organizations with complex access needs          |
| **Examples**           | Cisco ISE, Aruba ClearPass            | Microsoft Active Directory, AWS IAM               | Okta, AWS IAM with attribute-based policies         | Open Policy Agent (OPA), Cisco Policy Suite            |
| **Implementation Complexity** | Moderate                       | Low                                               | High                                                | High                                                   |
| **Adaptability**       | Limited to network context            | Limited to predefined roles                       | Highly adaptable to changing conditions              | Highly adaptable to organizational policies            |



## Future Trends in Adaptive and Dynamic RBAC {#Future Trends in Adaptive and Dynamic RBAC}

Adaptive and Dynamic RBAC is the next evolution in access control, designed to enhance security and flexibility. This approach continuously adjusts permissions based on real-time user behavior and contextual factors like location and device. By doing so, it ensures that access privileges are always appropriate and secure, even as circumstances change. This dynamic adjustment minimizes risks and enhances user experience, making it a must-have in modern IAM strategies.

## Tools and Platforms for RBAC Implementation {#Tools and Platforms for RBAC Implementation}

miniOrange provides advanced IAM solutions supporting RBAC, including [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso), [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), and [passwordless authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/passwordless-authentication). Our platform ensures secure and seamless role-based access control for employees, customers, and partners.

Explore miniOrange IAM solutions to secure your organization's access control. Get the miniOrange [IAM trial today](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/) and take the first step towards a more secure and efficient system!

Discover how Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) enhances security by assigning permissions based on roles, optimizing access management in your organization. 

What is Role Based Access Control (RBAC)?


Shibboleth is a web-based software tool that supports single sign-on (SSO) between two applications or between two organizations. It is an open-source tool and mainly used for [Single Sign-On (SSO) using SAML](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/login-with-external-idp/configure-shibboleth-sso) protocol. It can not implement SSO with protocols such as OAuth or OpenID connect.  

It helps sites make informed authorization decisions for accessing protected resources and provides federated identity-based authentication and authorization that allows cross-domain Single Sign-On (SSO) and removes the need for access credentials.  

Shibboleth web-based Single Sign-On (SSO) system contains three Components:  

- **Identity Provider (IDP)** – An identity provider (IDP) creates, maintains, and manages user identities and information. Identity Providers are responsible for user authentication and providing required user information to the Service Provider (SP).
- **Service Provider (SP)** – Service provider (SP) receives authentications assertions from the Identity provider and authenticates the user.
- **Discovery Service (DS)** – It helps the Service Provider to discover the user’s Identity Provider. It may be located anywhere on the web and most of the time does not require it.
 

### Shibboleth SSO Workflow {#shibboleth-sso-workflow}
The below diagram shows the common workflow of single sign-on (SSO) and interaction between User, Identity Provider (IDP) and Service Provider (SP)

![Shibboleth SSO Flow](/blog/assets/2023/shibboleth-sso-flow.webp)  

### Shibboleth SSO flow with miniOrange IDP {#shibboleth-sso-workflow-with-miniorange-idp}
 
![Shibboleth SSO with miniOrange IDP](/blog/assets/2023/shibboleth-miniorange-workflow.webp)  

The authentication process using Identity Provider (IDP), takes place in the following steps:  

1. The user reaches for a Service provider (website) for accessing the resources.
2. Service Provider figures out the [Identity provider (IDP)](https://plugins.miniorange.in/shibboleth-2-idp-wordpress) with the help of miniOrange discovery service and authenticates the user with the Identity Provider (IDP).
3. Identity Provider checks if any active session is going on if it is not then it asks the user to enter the credentials and the authentication request is sent to IDP.
4. Identity Provider (IDP) sends an authentication response to the Service Provider (SP).
5. After authenticating the user with Identity Provider (IDP) Service Provider (SP) grants access to the user.
 

### Authenticate IDPs without any external software {#authentication-idps-without-any-external-software}
With miniOrange SAML plugin,you can configure multiple IDPs registered with HAKA Federation. This allows the users to authenticate with these IDPs without any external software installation like Shibboleth SP, Gluu server. Get all your user details and choose to auto-provision users if necessary all from a single installation of a plugin.

#### Advantages of using miniOrange SSO with HAKA Federation
1. **Easy to integrate**. If your site has users from different universities and you want them to authenticate with their university account using HAKA then you can do that using this plugin. For example – if you have a site that has users from different universities, you can enable your users to sign in using their university account.
2. **Easy to install**. You only have to install and configure the Plugin once. This is useful if you are using hosting providers like WP-Engine which do not allow the installation of any external software to the server.
3. **Easy to manage**. If you install the Gluu server or Shibboleth a lot of customization will be needed just to make it work and then yearly maintenance of the servers add up as well. In contrast, the plugin is easy to set up and easily maintainable.
4. **Cost effective**. Installation of the Gluu server or Shibboleth server is a costly affair. Yearly maintenance of the servers also adds up to the cost. In contrast, the plugin costs just a fraction of that.
5. **Easy to use**. Users have the ability to choose their university during login and authenticate using their university credentials.  

### Limitations of Shibboleth {#limitations-of-shibboleth}
1. Support limited protocols such as SAML.
2. Support and customization are not available because it is open-source, unlike other vendors who provide full support.
3. It is more complex to set up and configure. The configuration is more involved.
4. It only supports Supports SAML 1 and SAML 2 and features up to Shibboleth 2.4 protocols.
5. The Shibboleth IdP V3 software has reached its End of Life and is no longer supported.
 

### Shibboleth Vs miniOrange IDP {#shibboleth-vs-miniorange}

| Feature | Shibboleth | miniOrange IDP |
| ------- | ---------- | -------------- |
| Multi-Protocol support | Supports only a few authentication protocols, like SAML1 & SAML 2 | Fully supports all protocols for Authentication. miniOrange supports SAML, SAML 2, JWT, OAuth, OpenID Connect, CAS and more. |
| Configuration & Setup | Require a more complex setup and configuration. | Easy to set up and configure |
| Support | As it is open-source limited support is provided. | miniOrange provides 24*7 active support. |
| Multiple SP and IDP support | It requires customization. | miniOrange can act as an Identity broker and support authentication for multiple apps & IDPs |


### Conclusion {#conclusion}
The web-based open-source tool supports single sign-on (SSO) between two applications or organizations using SAML protocol and cannot be implemented using other protocols such as OAuth or OpenID connect.  

The common workflow of Shibboleth single sign-on (SSO)  is the interaction between User, Identity Provider (IDP), and Service Provider (SP) where SP figure outs the IDP with the help of miniOrange discovery service.  

&nbsp;  

&nbsp;  

#### **Further Reading** 

- [Shibboleth Single Sign On (SSO) For Your Application]()
- [SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) Into Bamboo Using Shibboleth 2]()
- [Shibboleth-2 As Idp For WordPress]()
- [What is Single-Sign-On?]()
- [How to configure Shibboleth 2 SSO with Joomla?]()
- [How to configure Shibboleth 3 SSO with Joomla?]()

Shibboleth as Single Sign-On solution prioritizes the experience & confidentiality of your users & keeps your staff connected both within & across organizations.

What is Shibboleth?


According to Security Magazine, the typical business user oversees 191 passwords for work-related purposes and dozens more for personal ones. Up to 5 million passwords may be used by staff members of a company with 25,000 employees. Given the prevalence of passwords, password vulnerabilities are a major contributor to security breaches that result from cyber-attacks.  
Passwords that are too simple, easily figurable, used on multiple systems, and not frequently enough present hazards. Avoiding using the same password across many systems is one of the finest security measures. The majority of experts are familiar with this principle. However, 61 percent of typical corporate users acknowledge using the same password across the board.  
Employees waste a lot of time inputting passwords, which is another issue with this password bloat. Eliminating the need for multiple passwords is one approach to the password management issue. It is feasible to use a centralized authentication technique provided by a “web-based single sign-on” (Web SSO) system in place of using a collection of passwords to access various online services.


### What is Web SSO? {# What is Web SSO?}
Web SSO is a technique for managing browser-based sessions that keeps the user logged in across all of your applications by using sessionStorage, localStorage, and cookies. On-demand authentication is provided by a centralized domain, which also shares the session with authorized applications. Therefore, regardless of the platform or domain, the user is utilizing, once a customer logs in to any one application, they can instantly log into another.


### How does web single sign-on work? {# How does web single sign-on work?}
A trust connection between online systems and websites is necessary for a web single sign-on system. When a user accesses an online service or a website that requires a password, web SSO systems follow these steps for authentication:  

**Verify Sign-In:** Checking to determine if the user is already logged into the central authentication system is the first step. Access is immediately given if the user is logged in. If not, the user is told to sign in.  

**User Sign-In:** The user must first sign into the authentication system with a special username and password before beginning any session. The session token used by the authentication system is valid until the user logs out.  

**Confirmation of Authentication:** Following the completion of the authentication procedure, the authentication data is sent to the web service or website requesting user verification.


### Web App SSO: Is It Still In Use? {# Web App SSO: Is It Still In Use?}
The market is moving away from providing this as a more conventional point solution in conjunction with a separate directory service, even if the web application SSO is still widely used across many enterprises.  

Alternatively, the interest and adoption of broader, more comprehensive identity and access management (IAM) platforms are expanding, with the web app SSO as a major component.
Among many other features that allow IT more control over identities and access, a comprehensive IAM platform has extensive single sign-on capabilities.  

Organizations no longer need to worry about adding a web application SSO solution on top of their own directory/IdP because all essential IAM functionalities are available in a single platform.  

The transition away from web app SSO point solutions is happening for a few reasons:

- An interest in vendor consolidation.
- A desire to avoid hidden costs.
- A widespread need for improved identity and access management.
 
 
### Common Web App SSO Use Cases {# Common Web App SSO Use Cases}
There are a variety of use cases that drive web app SSO adoption:

1. Small organizations that use a variety of web applications.
2. Mid-market and enterprise-sized organizations that implemented web app SSO back when it was more relevant as a standalone solution within the IT environment.
3. Organizations with Active Directory (AD) in place already.
4. Organizations trying to adopt an IAM strategy.
5. Organizations that are unaware of the modern cloud-based replacement for AD and web app SSO that is a far more seamless, cost-effective, and integrated platform.
 

### Password vaulting vs. Web SSO {# Password vaulting vs. Web SSO}
A secured vault containing several passwords for various online services is different from a web SSO. By using a single username and password, password vaulting secures numerous passwords. However, each time a user visits a new online service this necessitates a signing into the service. There must still be a sign-in process even if the form fields are automatically filled out using information from the password vault. Once a person has been authenticated via Web SSO, they are no longer required to sign in to any web services that make use of that authentication method. This is called a “sign in once/use all” authentication approach.
 

### Why Web SSO Is Necessary for Your Business {# Why Web SSO Is Necessary for Your Business}
By securely collecting a plethora of customer data and credentials in one location for usage by your services, teams, and applications, single sign-on immediately helps your organization. Customers will view you negatively as they attempt to use your apps and services if you don’t use SSO. The numerous advantages that single sign-on offers your company, on the other hand, make product managers who implement an SSO solution stand out:

1. **Boosts IT staff members’ productivity**  
In general, a single point of access reduces the number of time users must spend resolving password-related problems and concerns. Single sign-on allows you to:  

**Reduce support calls:** Users who only need one password to access all of their apps won’t need it as frequently.  

**Enhancing the consumer experience:** Customers minimize the time between 10 and 15 seconds on each sign-in since there is no need to go between numerous login URLs or change passwords.  

**Reduce security risks:** Employees can use SSO capabilities to log in with a single set of credentials on any device and in any web browser without jeopardizing security.  

As we can see, one of the most important advantages of single Sign-On is the capacity to improve consumer productivity.

2. **Strengthened security capabilities**  
There are certain myths surrounding the deployment of the SSO solution, such as the idea that it reduces security because if the master password is stolen, all connected accounts will be at risk. This seems to be the case in theory, but by using SSO and common-sense procedures, we can lessen password theft. Customers are more likely to construct a stronger (harder to guess) passphrase and reduce risk by limiting bad password practices since they only need to remember one password for various applications.

3. **Integrates SSO with Risk-Based Authentication (RBA)**  
As was already noted, SSO provides your customer with a single “key” that allows them to sign in to various online pages, mobile apps, and third-party systems with a single identity. Combining SSO with risk-based authentication (RBA), which allows businesses and their security team to track consumer behavior, would increase security even further.  
In this manner, a company can request additional identity verification if it notices any strange customer activity, such as the use of an incorrect IP address or repeated login failures; if the customer fails at this stage, the company can ban or suspend their access to the account. Organizations may protect their websites and apps against assaults by utilizing this powerful combo. They can feel secure knowing that data thieves and IT hogs won’t take their information.

4. **Makes the consumer experience more efficient**  
Customers can enjoy a cutting-edge digital experience since SSO eliminates the need for multiple logins. Customer happiness, a boost in loyalty, and improved conversion rates are advantages for businesses.

 

### Conclusion {# Conclusion}
In this post, we discussed Web Single-Sign-ON capability and potential to increase company ROI. We discovered how it improves responsiveness, security, comfort, and efficiency for both customers and businesses. Web SSO is incredibly practical and popular.  

Get a Demo and Try miniOrange’s SSO Solution for Free.
Explore miniOrange’s modern IAM SSO solution and see if it helps out to streamline your Organizational process in addition to security. Create a miniOrange Free Account and get access to all features for free, for up to 30 Days with 24*7 free support to help you out with the setup.



A web SSO system allows a user to access many other web apps and password-protected websites with a single set of credentials for authentication.

Web SSO: What is it and How does it Work?


### Introduction {#introduction}

[Multi-factor authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), also referred to as two-factor authentication (2FA), stands as an important method to verify a user's identity. It mandates the provision of more than one form of authentication, thus enhancing security. The primary objective of MFA is to fortify security by introducing additional layers of authentication, all while ensuring a balance between elevated protection and seamless user experience. MFA, or 2FA, has become the industry standard for safeguarding accounts, and for good reason. **The importance of MFA** can be understood more closely by the frequency of data breaches that expose vast quantities of usernames, passwords, and personal information. 

As per a research report by [Verizon](https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/2022-data-breach-investigations-report-dbir.pdf) indicates that compromised credentials are involved in 82% of security breaches, thus highlighting the urgent need for businesses to adopt these fundamental security measures. If you've ever reused a password, multiple accounts could be vulnerable to unauthorized access following a single data breach. The importance of MFA is evident as it steps in to secure accounts, even when a password has been compromised.

### How Does MFA Work? {#how-does-mfa-work}

MFA mandates users to additional verification factor(s).
 
- **Common Factor** :OTPs: One of the most familiar MFA factors is the use of one-time passwords (OTPs).
- **OTP Description** :OTPs are typically 4-8 digit codes distributed via email, SMS, or mobile apps.
- **Dynamic Code Generation** : These codes are generated periodically or with each authentication request.
- **Seed Value** : The code generation process is based on a seed value assigned to the user during registration.
- **Additional Factor** : The code generation also depends on another factor, which could be a counter increment or a time-based value.

### Why MFA? {#why-mfa}

Cybercriminals have access to a staggering pool of billions of user credentials data, if they pick yours, thus posing a risk of exposing the company's confidential information. Therefore the importance of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), cannot be overlooked as it acts as a formidable deterrent against cyber criminals. By fortifying your data's defenses, MFA diminishes its attractiveness to potential thieves, making it more probable that they'll opt for an easier target.

As its name suggests, MFA integrates a combination of two or more distinct authentication factors. Typically, this involves something you know, such as your username and password, and adds an extra layer of security.
Let us now take a look at three main types of MFA Authentication Methods

**1. Something you know (knowledge), like a password/PIN**
- Answers to security questions
- Password/PIN

**2. Something you have (in your possession), like a token or smartphone**
- OTPs (through SMS or phone)
- OTPs (through smartphone apps)
- Badges with access codes, USB devices, Smart Cards, or  security keys
- Software tokens and certificates

**3. Something you are (inherence)**  
- Fingerprints, facial recognition, voice, or retina scan
- Analyses of behavioral patterns

### Benefits of Multi-Factor Authentication {#benefits-of-multi-factor-authentication}

Numerous organizations have adopted Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) in response to the current security climate and regulatory requirements. The prevalence of MFA is set to increase further, aligning with its user-friendly nature and the protection it affords, ultimately benefiting both employees and IT teams.

What drives the widespread adoption of MFA? Let's explore some of the essential advantages it offers.

**1. Protecting Against Identity Theft Through Stolen Passwords**

The landscape of password theft is constantly evolving, with attackers employing three primary methods:

- **Keylogging**: This method involves surreptitiously recording keystrokes on a keyboard.
- **Phishing**: Attackers use fraudulent emails, SMS messages, or phone calls to coax victims into revealing sensitive information.
- **Pharming**: Malicious code is installed on a device, redirecting users to fraudulent websites where they unwittingly share their sensitive data. Pharming is often described as "phishing without the lure," where the malicious email lure is absent.

These threats extend beyond individuals to encompass even large enterprises, which are entrusted with safeguarding our data. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the security of your organization, even in the aftermath of credential theft incidents affecting your employees' passwords.

**2. Offers easy implementation and seamless user experience**

In today's digital landscape, individuals grapple with the challenge of managing numerous, sensitive account credentials as they maintain numerous online accounts across various apps and websites. Unfortunately, the widespread practice of password reuse has become a major setback amplifying the risk of account compromise in the event of a single set of user credentials being exposed. 
Multi-factor Authentication (MFA), Its intuitive user experience ensures that it can be effortlessly adopted by consumers with minimal to no additional effort, rendering it a straightforward integration.

MFA addresses these concerns by bolstering security without imposing the complexities of frequent resets or intricate policies. Organizations can enhance user convenience by providing a variety of authentication factors to choose from or by mandating additional factors only when necessary.

With its streamlined implementation, ease of management, and compatibility with a wide range of applications, MFA not only fortifies security but also alleviates the strain on IT teams, enabling them to allocate their resources to more strategic initiatives.


**3. Ensuring User Identity Security**

In order to safeguard corporate and personal data privacy, a collaborative effort between consumers and businesses is essential. More and more organizations are bolstering security measures by implementing continuous, context-based security, throughout the entire login process to effectively authenticate employees and customers.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/single-sign-on-sso) streamline user access without the burden of remembering multiple passwords, reducing the risk of account compromise. Individuals can protect their digital identities by staying informed about cybersecurity risks, adhering to best practices, and remaining alert against emerging threats. In an era where our daily lives heavily rely on the internet and digital accounts, awareness of identity management has never been more critical.

MFA enhances security without the need for frequent password resets or complex policies, benefiting both users and IT teams. Organizations can simplify the user experience by offering various authentication factors or requiring additional ones only when necessary.

With its user-friendly deployment, easy management, and compatibility across a range of applications, MFA liberates IT teams to focus on strategic priorities.

### Conclusion {#conclusion}

As the adoption of digitalization grows across organizations, cybersecurity assumes greater significance. In this context, MFA emerges as a crucial component, offering robust protection against malicious threats targeting a company's vital data. Given the scale at which hackers target corporate credentials, there's no more opportune moment for businesses to expedite their [MFA Solutions](https://www.miniorange.in/iam/solutions/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-solutions) deployment.

At miniOrange, security is an inherent feature provided to all our customers. Discover how adaptive Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) can align with your organization's needs today.
Start your 30-day free trial today [link](https://www.miniorange.in/businessfreetrial)


Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security to your system so hackers cannot access it.

Why is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) important?


### Rise of Cybersecurity Threats to Banks and Financial Institutions {#rise-of-cybersecurity-threats-to-banks-and-financial-institutions}

It is estimated that the cost of cyber attacks in the banking sector has increased dramatically, reaching 15.4 million euros per firm yearly. Protecting the assets of the consumer is the main goal of cybersecurity in digital banking. More and more activities or transactions are being done online as more and more businesses are going cashless. Cyber crimes in digital banking have an impact on both the customer and the banks. Banks have to invest a substantial sum of money and resources in order to be able to recover data. Along with that banks also lose their customer’s trust when such issues arise. 

![Cyber Security Threats](/blog/assets/2023/cyber-security-threats.webp)

Banking security experts today need to be familiar with a dizzying array of terminologies and methods, including Trojans, Rock Phish, phishing, pharming, spear phishing, session hijacking, man-in-the-middle, and man-in-the-browser attacks. Obtaining private user data like usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, and social security numbers is the common goal of most attack tactics, despite the diversity of the attacks. The issue stems from the fact that these credentials are all static but never change. Once obtained, the attacker can use them to pose as the customer and commit fraud.

Even though the end-consumer suffers losses, card issuers and banks will face the majority of the burden, including refunding the customer, dealing with refund fees/fines, and investigative expenses, which frequently result in reputation loss.

Thus, banks and financial institutions must have strong cybersecurity technology know-how because data breaches may make it difficult for people to trust financial institutions.  If banks don’t take appropriate steps to safeguard users’ data, then it can be readily compromised resulting in many issues, such as fraud.

### Why is MFA required for Banks and Financial Institutions? {#why-is-mfa-required-for-banks-and-financial-institutions}

The biggest drawback of using the traditional user ID and password logins is that the passwords can be easily stolen by hackers which can cause millions of dollars in damages. Brute-force cyber attacks are a serious concern since cyber criminals can use automated password cracking tools to try different login and password combinations until they discover the proper combination. Although locking an account after a specific number of unsuccessful login attempts might aid with organisation security, hackers have access to a variety of different ways to get access to systems. This is why implementing Multi-factor Authentication is crucial for an organization as it can greatly reduce cybersecurity-related risks.

Multifactor authentication is a security measure that requires users to provide more than one piece of evidence to verify their identity. This can include something that the user knows, like a password or PIN, something that the user has, like a security token or key, or something that the user is, like a fingerprint or iris scan.

By requiring multiple forms of authentication, banks and financial institutions can make it much harder for unauthorized individuals to access sensitive data and assets. Multifactor authentication can also make it easier to track and manage user access, as each user will need to have their own unique set of authentication factors.

There are a few different ways that banks and financial institutions can implement multifactor authentication. Banks and financial institutions should carefully consider which authentication factors to use and how to best implement multifactor authentication in order to protect their data and assets. Let’s have a look at the different types of MFA methods.

 
### Types of MFA methods {#types-of-mfa-methods}

The three most fundamental categories or authentication factors are Something you know, also known as the knowledge factor; something you have, sometimes known as the possession element; and something you are, also known as the inherence factor.

- **Knowledge factor**: Answering a personal security question is often required for knowledge-based authentication. Passwords, four-digit personal identification numbers (PINs), and one-time passwords are the most common knowledge factor technologies (OTPs).
- **Possession factor**: Users must have something specific in their possession in order to log in, such as a badge, token, key or phone subscriber identity module (SIM) card. For mobile authentication, a smartphone often provides the possession factor in conjunction with an OTP app.
The most common possession factor user scenarios include mobile authentication, where users receive a code via their smartphone to gain or grant access. These include text messages and phone calls sent to a user as an out-of-band method, and smartphone OTP apps.
- **Inherence factor**: Any biological characteristics that are verified for login by the user. 

The following biometric verification techniques are included in inheritance factor technologies: 

- retina/iris scan
- fingerprint scan
- facial recognition
- voice recognition   

### Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for SWIFT Banking Application {#multi-factor-authentication-mfa-for-swift-banking-application}

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, or SWIFT, is the world’s top provider of secure financial messaging services. SWIFT is a global banking application that is used by thousands of banks and financial institutions around the world on a daily basis.

The SWIFT infrastructure is used to securely transmit more than 40 million financial communications each day. It allows the transfer of trillions of dollars of cross-border payments between 11,000 financial institutions in more than 200 countries with each member having its own SWIFT code. 

SWIFT has been the target of attacks in recent years, with criminals attempting to send fraudulent messages through the system. MFA can help protect against these types of attacks by requiring the user to provide more than just a password to log in and greatly reduce the risk of an unauthorized individual trying to access a critical banking application like SWIFT.

### miniOrange’s MFA Solution {#miniOrange-mfa-solution}

miniOrange provides an advanced [MFA solution](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) that ensures the correct identity has access to your sensitive information.

![MFA Workflow](/blog/assets/2023/mfa-workflow.webp)

### MFA methods supported by miniOrange {#mfa-methods-supported-by-miniorange}

miniOrange supports [15+ authentication methods](https://www.miniorange.in/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-methods) that include:

- **SMS and Phone Callback**: Receive a text on your mobile with the information required to validate yourself for the second factor.
- **MFA Apps**: Receive a Time-based OTP Token (TOTP) by an external authentication app such as Google/Microsoft authenticator for secure login.
- **miniOrange Authenticator App**: Use the miniOrange authenticator to get your login information in the form of a soft token, push notification or a QR code.
- **Email**: Get your login information such as login links and password keys on your registered email address.
- **Hardware Token**: Use a physical USB token on your computer, which generates the required information to gain access.
- **Security Questions**: Answer a few knowledge-based security questions which are only known to you to authenticate yourself.

### Adaptive Authentication/Risk-based Authentication {#adaptive-authentication-risk-based-authentication}

miniOrange provides an advanced form of Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) known as Adaptive Authentication.

[Adaptive Authentication](https://www.miniorange.in/products/adaptive-multi-factor-authentication-mfa) (Risk-Based Authentication) is a process of selecting the right authentication factors depending on a user’s risk profile defined and tends to adapt to the type of authorization factors.

Adaptive MFA authentication prompts for Multi-Authentication (MFA) based on the user’s behaviour, device IP, and geo-location, resulting in the highest degree of protection. Simply stating, authentication techniques are changed based on real-time circumstances. 

Every login attempt does not have to go through 2FA with risk-based authentication. Instead, each and every transaction is analyzed and risk-assessed. In addition, a risk score is provided to determine if the transaction can be completed safely.

For example, when an employee of the bank tries to access a critical application such as SWIFT, adaptive authentication determines the risk levels based on the user’s role, resource significance, location, time of day, and also the day of the week. Based on their behaviour over time, the system may maintain track of users’ normal activities. Automatic rules will be defined based on behaviour, and authentication will be prompted accordingly. This helps to strongly verify and give access only to the required users.

### Benefits of miniOrange MFA Solution {#benefits-of-miniOrange-mfa-solution}

- Enhanced Security
- Fraud Prevention
- Real-time Restriction Methods based on user attributes like:
  - IP address
  - Device ID
  - Geo-location
  - Time of access
- Improved User Trust
- Reduced Management Cost
- Increased Productivity and Flexibility
- Adaptability for Different Use-Cases

### Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Guidelines {#reserve-bank-of-india-rbi-guidelines}

Since October 1, 2021, India’s Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has made MFA essential for transactions involving automatic recurring payments such as phone top-up, DTH, OTT, and utility bills.

Instead of the earlier, more straightforward auto-debit rules, the new regulations, which went into effect on October 1, 2021, required customers to give their consent for every recurring payment of over Rs 5,000 and to go through a two-factor authentication process each time a payment is to be made.

Banks now have to notify consumers in advance of any regular payments that are due and only deduct the money after verification, per these new regulations. Additionally, for recurring payments of more than Rs. 5000, banks are required to issue a one-time password (OTP).

The rules were put in place to make digital payments for customers safe and secure.

RBI has provided guidelines for implementing multi-factor authentication. You can find more information on these rules here.

### How miniOrange implemented MFA for Punjab National Bank (PNB) {#how-miniOrange-implemented-mfa-for-punjab-national-bank-pnb}

As a multinational bank that is government-run, privacy is a crucial factor in every transaction. PNB ran into an issue with the Swift Application’s design inside its department that handled global transactions. International transactions necessitate the use of foreign currencies. Several SAML-compliant apps were used to manage these currencies. Even though PNB had a private network for these apps, they only had their Active Directory-based username and password authentication to verify the user identities of the workers.

As a result, a number of apps were open to unauthorized access by people or other entities that might exploit current user IDs to log into the applications. This can be extremely damaging to the organisation and its clients. PNB decided that these apps needed the Second Factor of Authentication to close these vulnerabilities in their system. Users would authenticate twice, first with their current Active Directory credentials and again with a different set of values from OTP, Google authenticator, hardware tokens, and other sources, increasing their security.

miniOrange provided PNB with an On-Premise solution for Two-Factor Authentication. This solution was critical in increasing security and preventing unauthorized access to critical applications.

You can read more on how miniOrange provided a custom MFA solution based on PNB’s requirements here.

### Conclusion {#further-reading}

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) can be an important security measure for banks and financial institutions. MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide more than one form of authentication. It ensures that only the right people have access to the valuable assets and information of a bank or financial institution.

MFA is needed for banks to protect against various online threats, such as phishing attacks, account takeovers and several others. In this digital age, it is more important than ever to have the proper security measures in place to protect your business and customers. MFA is one of the most effective ways to protect your organization from cyber-crime.

You can sign up for a free trial account to test miniOrange’s MFA solution here or if you would like to see a demo of our MFA solution click here.

MFA for Banks and Financial Institutions adds an extra layer of security which ensures that only the right people have access to the valuable assets and information.